1 Introduction; 1.1 Calls for Rule of Law; 1.1.1 Western Calls; 1.1.2 Chinese Calls; 1.2 Motivation and Approach of the Analysis; 1.3 Reference of Comparison; References; 2 Rule of Law in Western Civilization; 2.1 Foundations for Development; 2.2 Core Aspects of the Rule of Law in Western Civilization; 2.3 Core Aspects of the Rule of Law in Germany, France, and in the United Kingdom; References; 3 Rule of Law in China; References; 4 Selected Aspects of Rule of Law; 4.1 Separation or Concentration of Power? ; 4.1.1 Germany, France, and the United Kingdom

4.1.1.1 Reasons for the Separation of Power4.1.1.2 Impact on the Legislative System, Accessibility, and Transparency of Law; 4.1.2 China; 4.1.2.1 Reasons for Concentration of Power; 4.1.2.2 Impact on the Legislative System, Accessibility, and Transparency of Law; 4.2 Supremacy of Law; 4.2.1 Western Approach; 4.2.2 Germany, France, and the United Kingdom; 4.2.3 Chinese Approach; 4.2.3.1 Chinese Legal History in Brief; 4.2.3.2 Chinese Legal Philosophy in Brief; 4.2.3.3 Present-Day China; 4.3 Protection of Human Rights; 4.3.1 Western Approach; 4.3.2 Germany, France, and the United Kingdom

4.3.3 China4.4 Legal Certainty: Mentality of Rule-Making; 4.4.1 Western Approach; 4.4.2 Germany, France, and the United Kingdom; 4.4.3 China; 4.5 Independence of Courts and Judges; 4.5.1 Western Approach; 4.5.2 Germany, France, and the United Kingdom; 4.5.3 China; References; 5 Conclusion; 5.1 Conclusion; Reference