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Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates and Its Relevance to Clinical Infections; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Biofilms from Aerobic Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria; 1.3 Biofilm Studies of Anaerobic Organisms; 1.4 Biofilms in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium spp.; 1.5 Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis; 1.6 Biofilms in Clinical Isolates of Candida spp.; 1.7 Influence of Host Factors on Biofilm Formation; 1.8 Clinical Studies of Patients with Bacterial Biofilms; 1.9 Conclusion; References; 2: Biofilm-Based Implant Infections in Orthopaedics

2.1 Projections of Increase in Arthroplasty Numbers2.2 Infection Burden for Arthroplasties; 2.3 Current Classification of Prosthetic Infections; 2.4 Epidemiology of Periprosthesis Infections in Our Experience; 2.5 The Steps of Infection: From First Adhesion on Implant Materials to Biofilm Production; 2.6 Prevalence of Adhesin Genes in Collections of Clinical Isolates from Periprosthesis Infections; 2.7 Biofilm: Role of Biofilm in Implant Infections; 2.8 Biofilm Structural Components: The Extracellular Polymeric Substance; 2.8.1 PIA and ica Locus; 2.8.2 ica-Independent Biofilm Production

2.8.3 Extracellular DNA in Biofilm2.9 The Problem of Etiological Diagnosis in Biofilm Infections; 2.10 Clinical Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infections; 2.11 Sonication of Removed Implants; 2.12 Future Perspectives: Infection-Resistant Materials; 2.13 Conclusion; References; 3: Clinical and Microbiological Aspects of Biofilm-Associated Surgical Site Infections; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Biofilm-Mediate Acute and Late Onset Infection in the Surgical Patient; 3.3 Mechanistic Aspects of Biofilm Formation in Host Tissues and Implantable Devices

3.4 Why Are Biofilms Difficult to Eradicate Using Antimicrobials?3.4.1 Penetration Failure; 3.4.2 Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Biofilm-Specific Phenotypes; 3.4.3 Persister Cells; 3.5 Biofilms, Infection and Wound Healing in Chronic Surgical Wounds; 3.6 Methods for Biofilm Removal: Maintenance Debridement; 3.7 Future Strategies for Identify and Managing Chronic Surgical Wound; 3.8 Treatment and Management of Biofilm-Mediated Infections; References; 4: Peri-Implant Infections of Oral Biofilm Etiology; 4.1 Biofilms in the Oral Cavity; 4.1.1 Biofilms and Oral Disease

4.2 Dental Implants and Comparison to Natural Teeth4.3 Peri-Implant Infections: Classification and Diagnosis; 4.4 Peri-Implantitis as a Biofilm-Initiated Disease; 4.4.1 Peri-Implant Microflora Resembling Periodontal Microflora; 4.4.2 Distinct Peri-Implant Microflora; 4.4.3 Bacteria in the Implant-Abutment Interface; 4.4.4 Effect of Implant Surface on Biofilm; 4.5 Histopathological Events in Peri-Implant Infections; 4.5.1 Immune Responses to Biofilm in Peri-Implant Infections; 4.5.2 Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid as a Reservoir of Inflammatory Mediators

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