Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Operating Setup and Normal Anatomy; 1.1 Operating Setup; 1.1.1 Historical Perspective; 1.1.2 Instruments; 1.1.3 Positioning; 1.1.4 ACL Reconstruction; 1.2 Normal Anatomy; 1.2.1 The Menisci; 1.2.1.1 Medial Meniscus; 1.2.1.2 Lateral Meniscus; 1.2.2 The Cruciate Ligaments (ACL, PCL); 1.2.3 Arthroscopy Portals; 1.2.4 Exploration; References; 2: The Menisci; 2.1 Meniscal Ruptures; 2.1.1 Epidemiology; 2.1.2 Clinical Findings; 2.1.3 Meniscal Tears Classification; 2.1.4 Imaging; 2.1.5 Incomplete Meniscal Tears During ACL Reconstruction; 2.2 Meniscectomy

2.3 Meniscal Preservation2.3.1 Meniscal Repair; 2.3.1.1 Basic Principles; 2.3.1.2 Arthroscopically Assisted Repairs; 2.3.1.3 Implant Assisted Repairs; 2.3.1.4 All-Inside Meniscal Repairs; 2.3.1.5 FasT-Fix; 2.3.1.6 Meniscal Cinch; 2.3.2 Meniscal Transplant; 2.3.2.1 Research; 2.3.2.2 Graft Selection, Harvesting and Preservation; 2.3.2.3 Surgical Technique; 2.3.2.4 Arthroscopic Technique; 2.3.3 Meniscal Reconstruction with Artificial Substitutes; 2.3.3.1 Collagen Meniscus Implant (CMI); 2.3.4 Conclusion; 2.4 The Osteoarthritic Knee; References; 3: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament

3.1 Injury Patterns3.1.1 Epidemiology; 3.1.2 Anatomy, Bundles, Function; 3.1.3 Injury Mechanism and Patterns; 3.2 Diagnosis and Indication for Surgery; 3.2.1 Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction; 3.3 Skeletal Immaturity; 3.4 Graft Healing and Stump Preservation; 3.5 Current Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; 3.5.1 The Transtibial Technique; 3.5.2 The Anatomic Single Bundle Reconstruction; 3.5.2.1 Surgical Technique; 3.5.3 The Double Bundle Technique; 3.5.4 The Individualized ACL Reconstruction; 3.5.5 Single Bundle Augmentation; 3.5.6 Potential Pitfalls; 3.6 ACL Fixation Systems

3.6.1 Interference Screws3.6.2 Button and Loop Cortical Fixation; 3.6.3 Crosspins - Transfemoral Fixation; 3.6.4 Implant Free Fixation; 3.6.5 Complications; 3.7 ACL Graft Choices; 3.7.1 Hamstrings Autograft; 3.7.2 Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone; 3.7.3 Quadriceps Tendon; 3.7.4 Allografts; 3.7.5 Artificial Grafts; 3.7.6 Infections; References; 4: Revision ACL Surgery; 4.1 Incidence and Importance; 4.2 What Is a Failure of the Reconstruction?; 4.3 Modes of Failure; 4.4 Assessment of Bone Tunnels; 4.5 Graft Choices; 4.6 Previous Non Anatomic Placement; 4.7 Initial Anatomic Reconstruction

4.8 Outcomes After Revision ACLReferences; 5: Multiligamentary Knee Injury; 5.1 Knee Dislocation; 5.1.1 Clinical Signs and Emergency Procedures; 5.1.2 Patient Management; 5.2 Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tears; 5.2.1 Examination; 5.2.2 Treatment; 5.2.3 Conclusion; 5.3 Multiligamentary Surgical Repair; 5.3.1 Posteromedial Corner; 5.3.2 Posterolateral Corner; 5.3.3 Conclusions; References; 6: Arthroscopic Treatment of Intraarticular Fractures Around the Knee; References; 7: Chondral Pathology; 7.1 The Noyes Classification; 7.2 Articular Loose Bodies; 7.3 Osteochondritis Dissecans