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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Part I: Why the Grain for Green?; Chapter 1: Management of℗ Forest Resources from℗ 1949 to℗ 1998; Introduction; Historical Land Policies in℗ China; From Independent Farms to℗ Communes; The Great Leap Forward; The Cultural Revolution; The Post-1978 Reforms; The Forest Reforms of℗ the℗ 1980s; Forestland Tenure Reform in℗ Rural Villages; The Forest Law of℗ 1984; Conclusions; Chapter 2: China's Reforestation and℗ Rural Development Programs; Introduction; Drivers Behind the℗ Chinese Government's Response to℗ Deforestation
The Six Reforestation ProgramsThe Grain for℗ Green Program (GfG); The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP); The Shelterbelt Development Programs (SDP); The Desertification Control Program (DC); The Wildlife Conservation and℗ Nature Reserve Development Program (WCNR); The Fast-Growing and℗ High-Yielding Timber Plantation Program (FHTP); Why the℗ Key Forestry Programs?; New Forestry Paradigms in℗ China; Conclusions; Part II: Overview of the Grain for Green; Chapter 3: Program Timeline; Introduction; Program Timeline; Program Slowdown; Yulin City, Shaanxi Province
Ansai County, Loess Plateau Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province; Pingwu and℗ Jiuzhaigou Counties, Sichuan Province; Jianyang City, Sichuan Province; Conclusions; Chapter 4: Farmers' Compensation; Introduction; Overview of℗ the℗ Compensation Level; Payment Delivery to℗ Farmers; Total Incomes of℗ Farmers; Compensation and℗ Opportunity Cost; Ecological and℗ Economic Trees; Conclusions; Chapter 5: Land Selection; Introduction; Land Slope; Land Productivity and℗ Suitability for℗ Farming; Suitability for℗ Farming; Socio-economic Considerations; Conclusions; Chapter 6: Plant Selection; Introduction
Plant TypeLow Diversity of℗ Tree Species; Choice of℗ Vegetation: Trees Versus Grass; Survival Rate of℗ Plants; Land and℗ Tree Ownership; Conclusions; Chapter 7: Household Selection, Participation and℗ Attitudes; Introduction; Program Targeting and℗ Impact; Is Participation Voluntary?; Households' Attitudes; Conclusions; Chapter 8: Planning and℗ Implementation; Introduction; The Ministerial Reforms from℗ 1949 to℗ the℗ 1990s; Policy Framework: The℗ Five-Year Plans; Administrative Structure of℗ Forestry Management; Implementation of℗ the℗ Grain for℗ Green Program
Funding Agency and℗ Evaluating Agency Bias Towards Trees at the℗ Expense of℗ Grassland and℗ Engineering; Too Rapid Implementation; Lack of℗ Flexibility; Fiscal Burdens to℗ Local Governments; Problems in℗ Payment Delivery; Cost of℗ the℗ Program; Unfairness in℗ Compensation; Rights to℗ Land and℗ Land Products; Conclusions; Part III: The Impact of the Grain for Green Program; Chapter 9: Ecological and℗ Environmental Impact; Introduction; Conservation of℗ Soil and℗ Water Resources; Soil Characteristics, Soil Erosion and℗ Water Runoff; Impact on℗ Desertification and℗ Soil Erosion; Carbon Sequestration
The Six Reforestation ProgramsThe Grain for℗ Green Program (GfG); The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP); The Shelterbelt Development Programs (SDP); The Desertification Control Program (DC); The Wildlife Conservation and℗ Nature Reserve Development Program (WCNR); The Fast-Growing and℗ High-Yielding Timber Plantation Program (FHTP); Why the℗ Key Forestry Programs?; New Forestry Paradigms in℗ China; Conclusions; Part II: Overview of the Grain for Green; Chapter 3: Program Timeline; Introduction; Program Timeline; Program Slowdown; Yulin City, Shaanxi Province
Ansai County, Loess Plateau Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province; Pingwu and℗ Jiuzhaigou Counties, Sichuan Province; Jianyang City, Sichuan Province; Conclusions; Chapter 4: Farmers' Compensation; Introduction; Overview of℗ the℗ Compensation Level; Payment Delivery to℗ Farmers; Total Incomes of℗ Farmers; Compensation and℗ Opportunity Cost; Ecological and℗ Economic Trees; Conclusions; Chapter 5: Land Selection; Introduction; Land Slope; Land Productivity and℗ Suitability for℗ Farming; Suitability for℗ Farming; Socio-economic Considerations; Conclusions; Chapter 6: Plant Selection; Introduction
Plant TypeLow Diversity of℗ Tree Species; Choice of℗ Vegetation: Trees Versus Grass; Survival Rate of℗ Plants; Land and℗ Tree Ownership; Conclusions; Chapter 7: Household Selection, Participation and℗ Attitudes; Introduction; Program Targeting and℗ Impact; Is Participation Voluntary?; Households' Attitudes; Conclusions; Chapter 8: Planning and℗ Implementation; Introduction; The Ministerial Reforms from℗ 1949 to℗ the℗ 1990s; Policy Framework: The℗ Five-Year Plans; Administrative Structure of℗ Forestry Management; Implementation of℗ the℗ Grain for℗ Green Program
Funding Agency and℗ Evaluating Agency Bias Towards Trees at the℗ Expense of℗ Grassland and℗ Engineering; Too Rapid Implementation; Lack of℗ Flexibility; Fiscal Burdens to℗ Local Governments; Problems in℗ Payment Delivery; Cost of℗ the℗ Program; Unfairness in℗ Compensation; Rights to℗ Land and℗ Land Products; Conclusions; Part III: The Impact of the Grain for Green Program; Chapter 9: Ecological and℗ Environmental Impact; Introduction; Conservation of℗ Soil and℗ Water Resources; Soil Characteristics, Soil Erosion and℗ Water Runoff; Impact on℗ Desertification and℗ Soil Erosion; Carbon Sequestration