Foreword; Preface; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors; Reviewers; Part ISources of PGE Emissions; 1 Sources of Platinum Group Elements in the Environment; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Automobile Catalysts as a Source of PGE; 3 Are Automobile the Main Source of PGE in Urban Areas?; 4 PGE Emissions from Non-automobile Sources; 4.1 PGE Uses as Indicator for PGE Sources; 4.2 PGE Emissions from Mining and Production Activities; 4.3 Industrial PGE Emissions; 4.4 PGE Emissions from Medical Treatment Centers; 4.5 PGE in Urban Sewage and Waste

5 Occurrence of PGE in Remote Environments and Implication for PGE Sources5.1 Atmospheric PGE Dispersion; 5.2 Sources of PGE in Rural Aerosols; 5.3 Sources of Os in a Peat Record of Atmospheric Deposition; 5.4 Source of PGE in Snow and Ice; 6 Conclusion; References; 2 Impact of Platinum Group Element Emissions from Mining and Production Activities; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Impact of PGE Mining in South Africa; 2.1 Mining Areas; 2.2 Platinum Concentrations in the Vicinity of PGE Mines in the BIC; 2.3 Platinum Concentrations in South African Road Dust; 3 Impact of PGE Mining in Russia

3.1 Mining Areas3.2 Platinum Concentrations in the Vicinity of PGE Mines on the Kola Peninsula; 4 Implication of PGE Emissions by Mining and Production Activities; 4.1 Environmental Impact and Human Exposure; 4.2 Global Impact of PGE Emissions from Mining; 4.3 Economic Loss and Recovery; 5 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; Part II Analytical Methods for the Determination of PGE in Biological and Environmental Matrices; 3 Appraisal of Biosorption for Recovery, Separation and Determination of Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium in Environmental Samples; Abstract; 1 Introduction

2 Biosorption of Metal Ions3 Application of Inactive Biomass Derived from Plant or Animal Tissues for Biosorption of PGE; 4 Application of Microorganisms for Removal of PGE; 5 Analytical Application of Microorganisms for Separation/Preconcentration of PGE from Environmental Samples; 6 Conclusions; References; 4 On the Underestimated Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Determination of Pt and Pd by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Road Dust Samples; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Digestion Procedure for Road Dust Samples; 3 Separation and Determination of PGE

4 Analysis of Road Dust Samples5 Conclusions; References; 5 Application of Solid Sorbents for Enrichment and Separation of Platinum Metal Ions; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Nanoparticles; 3 Carbon-Based Sorbents; 4 Ion Imprinted Polymers; 5 Conclusions; References; 6 Voltammetric Analysis of Platinum in Environmental Matrices; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Previous Our Researches; 3 New Monitoring: Assessment of Airborne Platinum and Rhodium Associated with the Atmospheric Particulate in the Palermo (Italy) Area; Analytical Method Using Voltammetry; 3.1 Experimental; 3.1.1 Quality Assurance