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Foreword; Preface; Contents; 1: Prevalence and Definition of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation; Definition of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation; Methodological Difficulties in the Estimation of the Prevalence of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation; Detection and Evaluation of Secondary MR; Sources of Bias; Ischaemic MR; Secondary MR and Heart Failure due to Systolic Dysfuntion; Prevalence of Ischaemic MR; Prevalence of Secondary MR due to Heart Failure with Systolic Dysfuntion; Potential Implications of the Burden of Secondary MR; References
2: Anatomical Changes Associated with Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Difference Between Ischemic and Idiopathic CardiomyopathyHistology; Anatomy; Valve Annulus; Geometry; Histology; Differences Between Functional and Ischemic Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Subvalvular Apparatus; Chordae Tendianeae and Papillary Muscles; Left Ventricle Dysfunction; References; 3: Clinical Prognostic Value of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Mitral Regurgitation Diagnosed in the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction
Mitral Regurgitation Diagnosed in the Chronic Phase Post Myocardial Infarction and in Patients with Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation; Summary; References; 4: Functional Classification of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Carpentier Classification of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation; Type I Carpentier SMR; Type II Carpentier SMR; Type IIIB Carpentier SMR; Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation; SMR Due to Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy; Treatment for Carpentier IIIb; Other Types of Functional Classification for SMR
Fundaro et al. [60] Functional Classification Miller's Classification System; Conclusions; References; 5: Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Imaging of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Data Acquisition; Mitral Valve Morphology Assessment by 3D Echocardiography; Mitral Annular Geometry in SMR; Mitral Leaflet Morphology in SMR; MV Subvalvular Apparatus Morphology in SMR; SMR Severity Assessment by 3D Echocardiography; Role of 3D Echocardiography in Pre-procedural Selection of Patients and Intervention Guiding; References
6: Dynamic Stress Evaluation of Secondary Mitral RegurgitationPathophysiology of Dynamic SMR; Stress Test Modalities Available for SMR Assessment; How to Perform Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Patients with SMR; Parameters to Be Assessed During Exercise Stress Echocardiography for SMR; Prognostic Impact of Dynamic SMR; In Which Patients Should Stress Echocardiography Be Considered?; Conclusion; Reference; 7: Timing and Patient's Selection for Surgical Repair of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Indications for Intervention in Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation
2: Anatomical Changes Associated with Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Difference Between Ischemic and Idiopathic CardiomyopathyHistology; Anatomy; Valve Annulus; Geometry; Histology; Differences Between Functional and Ischemic Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Subvalvular Apparatus; Chordae Tendianeae and Papillary Muscles; Left Ventricle Dysfunction; References; 3: Clinical Prognostic Value of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Mitral Regurgitation Diagnosed in the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction
Mitral Regurgitation Diagnosed in the Chronic Phase Post Myocardial Infarction and in Patients with Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation; Summary; References; 4: Functional Classification of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Carpentier Classification of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation; Type I Carpentier SMR; Type II Carpentier SMR; Type IIIB Carpentier SMR; Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation; SMR Due to Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy; Treatment for Carpentier IIIb; Other Types of Functional Classification for SMR
Fundaro et al. [60] Functional Classification Miller's Classification System; Conclusions; References; 5: Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Imaging of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Data Acquisition; Mitral Valve Morphology Assessment by 3D Echocardiography; Mitral Annular Geometry in SMR; Mitral Leaflet Morphology in SMR; MV Subvalvular Apparatus Morphology in SMR; SMR Severity Assessment by 3D Echocardiography; Role of 3D Echocardiography in Pre-procedural Selection of Patients and Intervention Guiding; References
6: Dynamic Stress Evaluation of Secondary Mitral RegurgitationPathophysiology of Dynamic SMR; Stress Test Modalities Available for SMR Assessment; How to Perform Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Patients with SMR; Parameters to Be Assessed During Exercise Stress Echocardiography for SMR; Prognostic Impact of Dynamic SMR; In Which Patients Should Stress Echocardiography Be Considered?; Conclusion; Reference; 7: Timing and Patient's Selection for Surgical Repair of Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Indications for Intervention in Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation