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Contributors; 1 Enzymatically Produced Nano-ordered Elements Containing Cellulose Ibeta Crystalline Domains of Cla; 1 Introduction; 2 Experimental Section; 2.1 Enzyme Preparation; 2.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis; 2.4 Acid Hydrolysis; 2.6 Infrared Spectroscopy; 2.7 Determination of Molecular Weight; 3 Characterization of the Residues After Enzymatic Hydrolysis; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Coir Fiber: Preparation, Properties, and Applications; 1 Introduction; 3 Properties of Cellulose Whiskers from Coir Fiber
3 Biological Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Cellulose by Controlled Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers and Linters1 Introduction; 2.1 Cellulases: Production and Mode of Action; 2.4 Production of NCC by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose; 4Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from the Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth: Eichhornia crassipes; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Chemical Treatment; 5 Bagasse and Rice Straw Nanocellulosic Materials and Their Applications; 3 Cellulose Nanocrystals from Bagasse and Rice Straw and Their Applications
6 Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from Banana Plant2.1 Preparation of Nanocellulose; 3.3 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis; 3.5.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); 7 Extraction and Production of Cellulose Nanofibers; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Cellulose Sources; 2.2.3 Steam Explosion; 3 Cellulose Nanoparticles; 8 Preparation of Nanocellulose from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) via Chemical and Chemo-mechanical Processes; 1 Introduction; 1.2 Kenaf; 2.1 Preparation of Cellulose Whiskers from Kenaf Bast Fibers; 2.2.2 Mechanical Treatments; 3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Properties of Kenaf Cellulose Whiskers3.1.1 Whiskers Yield; 3.1.2 Fiber Morphology; 3.1.3 Structural Analysis; FTIR Analysis; X-Ray Diffraction; Thermal Analysis; 3.2 Properties of Chemo-mechanical Kenaf Nanofibers; 3.2.1 Chemical Composition; 3.2.2 Fiber Morphology; 3.2.3 Structural Analysis; FTIR Analysis; X-Ray Diffraction; Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); 4 Conclusions; 9 Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers from Cotton Linter and Their Composites; 1 Introduction; 3 Nanocellulose Preparation; 10 Chitin Nanofibers: Preparations, Modifications, and Applications; 1 Introduction
3 Modification of Chitin Nanofibers4.3 Bioactivities of Chitin Nanofibers; 11 Dispersion of Nanocellulose (NC) in Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) Matrix; 1 Introduction; 3 Summary; 12 Electrospun Cellulose Composite Nanofibers; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Process; 4.1 Cellulose Solvent Systems; 4.1.3 Ionic Liquids (ILs); 5.5.4 Polyethylene Oxide (PEO); 13 Nanomanifestations of Cellulose: Applications for Biodegradable Composites; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC); 3 Surface Modification of Nano-manifested Cellulose
3 Biological Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Cellulose by Controlled Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers and Linters1 Introduction; 2.1 Cellulases: Production and Mode of Action; 2.4 Production of NCC by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose; 4Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from the Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth: Eichhornia crassipes; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Chemical Treatment; 5 Bagasse and Rice Straw Nanocellulosic Materials and Their Applications; 3 Cellulose Nanocrystals from Bagasse and Rice Straw and Their Applications
6 Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from Banana Plant2.1 Preparation of Nanocellulose; 3.3 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis; 3.5.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); 7 Extraction and Production of Cellulose Nanofibers; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Cellulose Sources; 2.2.3 Steam Explosion; 3 Cellulose Nanoparticles; 8 Preparation of Nanocellulose from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) via Chemical and Chemo-mechanical Processes; 1 Introduction; 1.2 Kenaf; 2.1 Preparation of Cellulose Whiskers from Kenaf Bast Fibers; 2.2.2 Mechanical Treatments; 3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Properties of Kenaf Cellulose Whiskers3.1.1 Whiskers Yield; 3.1.2 Fiber Morphology; 3.1.3 Structural Analysis; FTIR Analysis; X-Ray Diffraction; Thermal Analysis; 3.2 Properties of Chemo-mechanical Kenaf Nanofibers; 3.2.1 Chemical Composition; 3.2.2 Fiber Morphology; 3.2.3 Structural Analysis; FTIR Analysis; X-Ray Diffraction; Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); 4 Conclusions; 9 Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers from Cotton Linter and Their Composites; 1 Introduction; 3 Nanocellulose Preparation; 10 Chitin Nanofibers: Preparations, Modifications, and Applications; 1 Introduction
3 Modification of Chitin Nanofibers4.3 Bioactivities of Chitin Nanofibers; 11 Dispersion of Nanocellulose (NC) in Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) Matrix; 1 Introduction; 3 Summary; 12 Electrospun Cellulose Composite Nanofibers; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Process; 4.1 Cellulose Solvent Systems; 4.1.3 Ionic Liquids (ILs); 5.5.4 Polyethylene Oxide (PEO); 13 Nanomanifestations of Cellulose: Applications for Biodegradable Composites; 1 Introduction; 2.1 Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC); 3 Surface Modification of Nano-manifested Cellulose