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Preface; Contents; 1: Febrile Neutropenia; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 History and Physical Examination; 1.3 Defining the Risk for Serious Infection; 1.4 Diagnostic Evaluation; 1.4.1 Initial Laboratory Evaluation; 1.4.2 Radiographic Imaging; 1.4.2.1 Chest Radiography (CXR); 1.4.2.2 Computed Tomography (CT); 1.4.2.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); 1.4.2.4 Positron Emission Tomography (PET); 1.4.3 Biomarkers for Invasive Fungal Infection (IFI); 1.4.3.1 Aspergillus Galactomannan (GMN); 1.4.3.2 (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG); 1.4.3.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); 1.4.4 Viral Studies
1.4.5 Invasive Procedures: Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) and Tissue Biopsy1.5 Empiric Management of Febrile Neutropenia (FN); 1.5.1 Adult FN Guidelines for Empiric Therapy: Do They Apply to Children?; 1.5.2 Choice of Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy; 1.5.2.1 Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy; 1.5.2.2 Which Monotherapy to Choose; 1.5.2.3 Alterations in Initial Empiric FN Antibiotic Management; 1.5.2.4 Outpatient Management of FN; 1.5.2.5 Choice of Empiric Antifungal Therapy; 1.5.3 Duration of Antimicrobial Therapy: Empiric Versus Therapeutic Intent
1.5.4 Endovascular Sources of Infection: Catheter Removal1.5.5 Adjunctive Treatment Modalities; 1.5.6 Emergence of Resistant Pathogens: Dwindling Antimicrobial Options and Focus on Prevention; 1.6 Summary: Building Institutional FN Guidelines; References; 2: Transfusion Support; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Anemia; 2.2.1 Red Blood Cell Transfusion Guidelines; 2.2.2 Red Blood Cell Administration; 2.3 Thrombocytopenia; 2.3.1 Platelet Transfusion Guidelines; 2.3.2 Platelet Administration; 2.4 Granulocyte Transfusion; 2.5 Risks of Blood Product Therapy and Their Management
2.5.1 Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions2.5.2 Infection and Sepsis; 2.5.3 Allergic Reactions/Anaphylaxis; 2.5.4 Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions; 2.5.5 Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury; 2.5.6 Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload; 2.5.7 Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease; 2.5.8 Iron Overload; 2.6 Summary; References; 3: Tumor Lysis Syndrome; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Laboratory Risk Factors for Tumor Lysis; 3.3 General Management Guidelines; 3.4 Pathophysiology, Presentation and Management of Specific Metabolic Derangements; 3.4.1 Hyperuricemia
3.4.1.1 Alkalinization3.4.1.2 Allopurinol; 3.4.1.3 Rasburicase; 3.4.2 Hyperkalemia; 3.4.3 Hyperphosphatemia; 3.4.4 Hypocalcemia; 3.5 Renal Interventions; 3.6 Summary; References; 4: Cardiopulmonary Emergencies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Superior Vena Cava and Superior Mediastinal Syndromes; 4.2.1 Pathophysiology; 4.2.2 Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis; 4.2.2.1 History and Physical Exam; 4.2.2.2 Imaging Studies; 4.2.2.3 Other Studies; 4.2.3 Treatment; 4.3 Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade; 4.3.1 Pathophysiology; 4.3.2 Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
1.4.5 Invasive Procedures: Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) and Tissue Biopsy1.5 Empiric Management of Febrile Neutropenia (FN); 1.5.1 Adult FN Guidelines for Empiric Therapy: Do They Apply to Children?; 1.5.2 Choice of Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy; 1.5.2.1 Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy; 1.5.2.2 Which Monotherapy to Choose; 1.5.2.3 Alterations in Initial Empiric FN Antibiotic Management; 1.5.2.4 Outpatient Management of FN; 1.5.2.5 Choice of Empiric Antifungal Therapy; 1.5.3 Duration of Antimicrobial Therapy: Empiric Versus Therapeutic Intent
1.5.4 Endovascular Sources of Infection: Catheter Removal1.5.5 Adjunctive Treatment Modalities; 1.5.6 Emergence of Resistant Pathogens: Dwindling Antimicrobial Options and Focus on Prevention; 1.6 Summary: Building Institutional FN Guidelines; References; 2: Transfusion Support; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Anemia; 2.2.1 Red Blood Cell Transfusion Guidelines; 2.2.2 Red Blood Cell Administration; 2.3 Thrombocytopenia; 2.3.1 Platelet Transfusion Guidelines; 2.3.2 Platelet Administration; 2.4 Granulocyte Transfusion; 2.5 Risks of Blood Product Therapy and Their Management
2.5.1 Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions2.5.2 Infection and Sepsis; 2.5.3 Allergic Reactions/Anaphylaxis; 2.5.4 Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions; 2.5.5 Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury; 2.5.6 Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload; 2.5.7 Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease; 2.5.8 Iron Overload; 2.6 Summary; References; 3: Tumor Lysis Syndrome; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Laboratory Risk Factors for Tumor Lysis; 3.3 General Management Guidelines; 3.4 Pathophysiology, Presentation and Management of Specific Metabolic Derangements; 3.4.1 Hyperuricemia
3.4.1.1 Alkalinization3.4.1.2 Allopurinol; 3.4.1.3 Rasburicase; 3.4.2 Hyperkalemia; 3.4.3 Hyperphosphatemia; 3.4.4 Hypocalcemia; 3.5 Renal Interventions; 3.6 Summary; References; 4: Cardiopulmonary Emergencies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Superior Vena Cava and Superior Mediastinal Syndromes; 4.2.1 Pathophysiology; 4.2.2 Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis; 4.2.2.1 History and Physical Exam; 4.2.2.2 Imaging Studies; 4.2.2.3 Other Studies; 4.2.3 Treatment; 4.3 Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade; 4.3.1 Pathophysiology; 4.3.2 Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis