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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Cyber-Physical Systems; 1.1.1 What Is CPS?; 1.1.2 Applications; 1.1.3 General Requirements; 1.2 Wireless Body Area Networks: A Case of CPS; 1.2.1 Architecture; 1.2.2 Design Issues; 1.2.3 Energy Dissipation; 1.3 Overview of the Book; References; 2 MAC Protocols; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Classification of MAC Protocols; 2.2.1 Contention-Based MAC Protocols; 2.2.2 Contention-Free MAC Protocols; 2.2.3 Low Power Listening (LPL) MAC Protocols; 2.3 MAC Protocols for WBAN; 2.3.1 Battery-Aware TDMA Protocol; 2.3.2 Priority-Guaranteed MAC Protocol
2.3.3 Energy-Efficient Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocol2.3.4 A Power-Efficient MAC Protocol for WBANs ; 2.3.5 Energy-Efficient Medium Access Protocol; 2.3.6 BodyMAC ; 2.3.7 MedMAC; 2.3.8 Heartbeat-Driven MAC Protocol; 2.4 Discussion; 2.5 Summary; References; 3 Evaluating IEEE 802.15.4 for CPS; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 IEEE 802.15.4; 3.2.1 Overview; 3.2.2 MAC Sublayer; 3.2.3 Superframe Structure; 3.2.4 Contention Access Period (CAP); 3.2.5 Contention Free Period (CFP); 3.2.6 Inter Frame Spacing (IFS); 3.2.7 CSMA/CA Mechanism; 3.3 Simulation Settings; 3.4 Non-beacon-Enabled Mode
3.4.1 Impact of MSDU Size3.4.2 Impact of Packet Generation Interval; 3.4.3 Impact of MaxNB; 3.4.4 Impact of MinBE; 3.4.5 Impact of MaxFrameRetries; 3.5 Beacon-Enabled Mode; 3.5.1 Impact of MaxNB; 3.5.2 Impact of SO; 3.5.3 Impact of BO; 3.6 Summary; References; 4 IEEE 802.15.4 Based Adaptive MAC Protocols; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Approaches for Contention Access Period; 4.2.1 Adaptive Backoff Exponent Mechanism; 4.2.2 Adaptive Contention Window Mechanism; 4.3 Approaches for Contention-Free Period; 4.3.1 Adaptive GTS Allocation Scheme; 4.3.2 Implicit Allocation Mechanism; 4.3.3 Knapsack Algorithm
4.3.4 GTS Scheduling Algorithm4.4 Cross-Period Approaches; 4.5 Summary; References; 5 An Adaptive MAC Protocol for Medical CPS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Ada-MAC Protocol; 5.2.1 Superframe Structure; 5.2.2 Priority Queue Mechanism; 5.2.3 Adaptive Mini-Slot Allocation; 5.3 Simulation Settings; 5.4 Results and Analysis; 5.4.1 Mean/Max End-to-End Delay; 5.4.2 On-Time Delivery Ratio; 5.4.3 Packet Drop Rate (by Queue); 5.4.4 Packet Loss Rate; 5.4.5 Effective Utilization Rate of CFP; 5.5 Summary; References; 6 Conclusion; 6.1 Summary of the Book; 6.2 Open Issues; References
2.3.3 Energy-Efficient Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocol2.3.4 A Power-Efficient MAC Protocol for WBANs ; 2.3.5 Energy-Efficient Medium Access Protocol; 2.3.6 BodyMAC ; 2.3.7 MedMAC; 2.3.8 Heartbeat-Driven MAC Protocol; 2.4 Discussion; 2.5 Summary; References; 3 Evaluating IEEE 802.15.4 for CPS; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 IEEE 802.15.4; 3.2.1 Overview; 3.2.2 MAC Sublayer; 3.2.3 Superframe Structure; 3.2.4 Contention Access Period (CAP); 3.2.5 Contention Free Period (CFP); 3.2.6 Inter Frame Spacing (IFS); 3.2.7 CSMA/CA Mechanism; 3.3 Simulation Settings; 3.4 Non-beacon-Enabled Mode
3.4.1 Impact of MSDU Size3.4.2 Impact of Packet Generation Interval; 3.4.3 Impact of MaxNB; 3.4.4 Impact of MinBE; 3.4.5 Impact of MaxFrameRetries; 3.5 Beacon-Enabled Mode; 3.5.1 Impact of MaxNB; 3.5.2 Impact of SO; 3.5.3 Impact of BO; 3.6 Summary; References; 4 IEEE 802.15.4 Based Adaptive MAC Protocols; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Approaches for Contention Access Period; 4.2.1 Adaptive Backoff Exponent Mechanism; 4.2.2 Adaptive Contention Window Mechanism; 4.3 Approaches for Contention-Free Period; 4.3.1 Adaptive GTS Allocation Scheme; 4.3.2 Implicit Allocation Mechanism; 4.3.3 Knapsack Algorithm
4.3.4 GTS Scheduling Algorithm4.4 Cross-Period Approaches; 4.5 Summary; References; 5 An Adaptive MAC Protocol for Medical CPS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Ada-MAC Protocol; 5.2.1 Superframe Structure; 5.2.2 Priority Queue Mechanism; 5.2.3 Adaptive Mini-Slot Allocation; 5.3 Simulation Settings; 5.4 Results and Analysis; 5.4.1 Mean/Max End-to-End Delay; 5.4.2 On-Time Delivery Ratio; 5.4.3 Packet Drop Rate (by Queue); 5.4.4 Packet Loss Rate; 5.4.5 Effective Utilization Rate of CFP; 5.5 Summary; References; 6 Conclusion; 6.1 Summary of the Book; 6.2 Open Issues; References