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Table of Contents
Machine generated contents note: 0.1 Demographic Trends 33
0.2 Macro-economic Trends 42
0.3 Macro-technological Trends 54
1 Age Groups
1.1 Youth 62
1.2 Elders 68
2 Microsocial
2.1 Self-identification 72
2.2 Kinship Networks 77
2.3 Community and Neighbourhood Types 83
2.4 Local Autonomy 91
2.5 Voluntary Associations 99
2.6 Sociability Networks 104
3 Women
3.1 Female Roles 107
3.2 Childbearing 112
3.3 Matrimonial Models 116
3.4 Women's Employment 122
3.5 Reproductive Technologies 136
4 Labour Market
4.1 Unemployment 138
4.2 Skills and Occupational Levels 142
4.3 Types of Employment 147
4.4 Sectors of the Labour Force 153
4.5 Computerization of Work 158
5 Labour and Management
5.1 Work Organization 162
5.2 Personnel Administration 166
5.3 Sizes and Types of Enterprises 173
6 Social Stratification
6.1 Occupational Status 180
6.2 Social Mobility 192
6.3 Economic Inequality 198
6.4 Social Inequality 206
7 Social Relations
7.1 Conflict 218
7.2 Negotiation 224
7.3 Norms of Conduct 230
7.4 Authority 235
7.5 Public Opinion 243
8 State and Service Institutions
8.1 Educational System 247
8.2 Health System 254
8.3 Welfare System 259
8.4 The State 265
9 Mobilizing Institutions
9.1 Labour Unions 269
9.2 Religious Institutions 276
9.3 The Military 281
9.4 Political Parties 289
9.5 Mass Media 294
10 Institutionalization of Social Forces
10.1 Dispute Settlement 302
10.2 Institutionalization of Labour Unions 307
10.3 Social Movements 311
10.4 Interest Groups 317
11 Ideologies and Beliefs
11.1 Political Differentiation 325
11.2 Confidence in Institutions 331
11.3 Economic Orientations 336
11.4 Radicalism 341
11.5 Religious Beliefs 347
12 Household Resources
12.1 Personal and Family Income 353
12.2 Informal Economy 359
12.3 Personal and Family Wealth 362
13 Life-Style
13.1 Market Goods and Services 367
13.2 Mass Information 375
13.3 Personal Health and Beauty Practices 382
13.4 Time Use 386
13.5 Daily Mobility 389
13.6 Household Production 392
13.7 Forms of Erotic Expression 395
13.8 Mood-altering Substances 401
14 Leisure
14.1 Amount and Use of Free Time 409
14.2 Vacation Patterns 413
14.3 Athletics and Sports 415
14.4 Cultural Activities and Practices 418
15 Educational Attainment
15.1 General Education 426
15.2 Vocational and Professional Education 431
15.3 Continuing Education 439
16 Integration and Marginalization
16.1 Ethnic Minorities 440
16.2 Crime and Punishment 448
16.3 Emotional Disorders and Self-destructive Behaviour 459
16.4 Poverty 465
17 Attitudes and Values
17.1 Satisfaction 470
17.2 Perceptions of Social Problems 476
17.3 Orientations to the Future 479
17.4 Values 483
17.5 National Identity 489.
0.2 Macro-economic Trends 42
0.3 Macro-technological Trends 54
1 Age Groups
1.1 Youth 62
1.2 Elders 68
2 Microsocial
2.1 Self-identification 72
2.2 Kinship Networks 77
2.3 Community and Neighbourhood Types 83
2.4 Local Autonomy 91
2.5 Voluntary Associations 99
2.6 Sociability Networks 104
3 Women
3.1 Female Roles 107
3.2 Childbearing 112
3.3 Matrimonial Models 116
3.4 Women's Employment 122
3.5 Reproductive Technologies 136
4 Labour Market
4.1 Unemployment 138
4.2 Skills and Occupational Levels 142
4.3 Types of Employment 147
4.4 Sectors of the Labour Force 153
4.5 Computerization of Work 158
5 Labour and Management
5.1 Work Organization 162
5.2 Personnel Administration 166
5.3 Sizes and Types of Enterprises 173
6 Social Stratification
6.1 Occupational Status 180
6.2 Social Mobility 192
6.3 Economic Inequality 198
6.4 Social Inequality 206
7 Social Relations
7.1 Conflict 218
7.2 Negotiation 224
7.3 Norms of Conduct 230
7.4 Authority 235
7.5 Public Opinion 243
8 State and Service Institutions
8.1 Educational System 247
8.2 Health System 254
8.3 Welfare System 259
8.4 The State 265
9 Mobilizing Institutions
9.1 Labour Unions 269
9.2 Religious Institutions 276
9.3 The Military 281
9.4 Political Parties 289
9.5 Mass Media 294
10 Institutionalization of Social Forces
10.1 Dispute Settlement 302
10.2 Institutionalization of Labour Unions 307
10.3 Social Movements 311
10.4 Interest Groups 317
11 Ideologies and Beliefs
11.1 Political Differentiation 325
11.2 Confidence in Institutions 331
11.3 Economic Orientations 336
11.4 Radicalism 341
11.5 Religious Beliefs 347
12 Household Resources
12.1 Personal and Family Income 353
12.2 Informal Economy 359
12.3 Personal and Family Wealth 362
13 Life-Style
13.1 Market Goods and Services 367
13.2 Mass Information 375
13.3 Personal Health and Beauty Practices 382
13.4 Time Use 386
13.5 Daily Mobility 389
13.6 Household Production 392
13.7 Forms of Erotic Expression 395
13.8 Mood-altering Substances 401
14 Leisure
14.1 Amount and Use of Free Time 409
14.2 Vacation Patterns 413
14.3 Athletics and Sports 415
14.4 Cultural Activities and Practices 418
15 Educational Attainment
15.1 General Education 426
15.2 Vocational and Professional Education 431
15.3 Continuing Education 439
16 Integration and Marginalization
16.1 Ethnic Minorities 440
16.2 Crime and Punishment 448
16.3 Emotional Disorders and Self-destructive Behaviour 459
16.4 Poverty 465
17 Attitudes and Values
17.1 Satisfaction 470
17.2 Perceptions of Social Problems 476
17.3 Orientations to the Future 479
17.4 Values 483
17.5 National Identity 489.