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Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Editor and Contributors; Contributors; 1 Introduction; 1.1Geology and Geomorphology; 1.2Climate; 1.3Soil and Humans; 1.4Soil Distribution and Characteristics; 1.5Soil Science in Spain; 1.6The Soils of Spain; Appendix; References; 2 Soil Distribution and Classification; 2.1Introduction; 2.2Soil Temperature and Moisture Regimes; 2.3Soil Geography: Description of Taxonomic Units; 2.3.1 Alfisols (Photos 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3); 2.3.1.1 Aqualfs: Epiaqualfs; 2.3.1.2 Cryalfs: Haplocryalfs; 2.3.1.3 Udalfs: Hapludalfs; 2.3.1.4 Ustalfs; Haplustalfs; Paleustalfs
Rhodustalfs2.3.1.5 Xeralfs; Haploxeralfs; Palexeralfs; Rhodoxeralf; 2.3.2 Andisols (Photo 2.4); 2.3.2.1 Torrands: Vitritorrands; 2.3.2.2 Ustands: Haplustands; 2.3.2.3 Vitrands; Udivitrands; Ustivitrands; 2.3.2.4 Xerands: Haploxerands; 2.3.3 Aridisols (Photo 2.5); 2.3.3.1 Argids; Haplargids; Paleargids; 2.3.3.2 Calcids; Haplocalcids; Petrocalcids; 2.3.3.3 Cambids; 2.3.3.4 Gypsids: Calcigypsids and Haplogypsids; 2.3.3.5 Salids; Haplosalids; Aridisol Technology; 2.3.4 Entisols (Photos 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 and 2.10); 2.3.4.1 Aquents; Epiaquents; Fluvaquents; Hydraquents; Psammaquents; Sulfaquents
2.3.4.2 FluventsTorrifluvents; Udifluvents; Ustifluvents; Xerofluvents; 2.3.4.3 Orthens; Cryorthents; Torriorthents; Udorthents; Ustorthents; Xerorthents; 2.3.4.4 Psamments; Quartzipsamments; Torripsamments; Ustipsamments; Xeropsamments; 2.3.5 Histosols (Photo 2.11); 2.3.6 Inceptisols (Photos 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16 and 2.17); 2.3.6.1 Aquepts; Epiaquepts; 2.3.6.2 Cryepts; 2.3.6.3 Udepts: Dystrudepts and Eutrudepts; 2.3.6.4 Ustepts: Dystrustepts and Haplustepts; 2.3.6.5 Xerepts; Calcixerepts; Dystroxerepts; Haploxerepts; 2.3.7 Mollisols; 2.3.7.1 Rendolls: Cryrendolls
2.3.7.2 Udolls: Hapludolls2.3.7.3 Ustolls: Haplustolls; 2.3.7.4 Xerolls; Haploxerolls; Calcixerolls; 2.3.8 Spodosols; 2.3.8.1 Humods: Haplohumods; 2.3.8.2 Orthods: Haplorthods; 2.3.9 Ultisols; 2.3.9.1 Udults: Hapludults; 2.3.9.2 Ustults: Haplustults; 2.3.9.3 Xerults: Haploxerults; 2.3.10 Vertisols; 2.3.10.1 Uderts: Hapluderts; 2.3.10.2 Usterts: Calciusterts and Haplusterts; 2.3.10.3 Xerert: Calcixererts and Haploxererts; Appendix; References; 3 Soils of the Temperate Humid Zone; 3.1Introduction; 3.2Soil Research History; 3.3Soil-Forming Factors
3.3.1 Soil Parent Materials and Geomorphology3.3.1.1 Rock Types; 3.3.1.2 Geological Units; 3.3.1.3 Geomorphology; 3.3.2 Climate; 3.3.2.1 General Climatic Aspects of the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone; 3.3.2.2 Temperature, Precipitation, Drainage, and Moisture Deficit in the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone; 3.3.3 Vegetation and Land Use; 3.3.3.1 Climax Vegetation in the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone; 3.3.3.2 Actual Vegetation in the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone: Natural Forest Formations
Rhodustalfs2.3.1.5 Xeralfs; Haploxeralfs; Palexeralfs; Rhodoxeralf; 2.3.2 Andisols (Photo 2.4); 2.3.2.1 Torrands: Vitritorrands; 2.3.2.2 Ustands: Haplustands; 2.3.2.3 Vitrands; Udivitrands; Ustivitrands; 2.3.2.4 Xerands: Haploxerands; 2.3.3 Aridisols (Photo 2.5); 2.3.3.1 Argids; Haplargids; Paleargids; 2.3.3.2 Calcids; Haplocalcids; Petrocalcids; 2.3.3.3 Cambids; 2.3.3.4 Gypsids: Calcigypsids and Haplogypsids; 2.3.3.5 Salids; Haplosalids; Aridisol Technology; 2.3.4 Entisols (Photos 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 and 2.10); 2.3.4.1 Aquents; Epiaquents; Fluvaquents; Hydraquents; Psammaquents; Sulfaquents
2.3.4.2 FluventsTorrifluvents; Udifluvents; Ustifluvents; Xerofluvents; 2.3.4.3 Orthens; Cryorthents; Torriorthents; Udorthents; Ustorthents; Xerorthents; 2.3.4.4 Psamments; Quartzipsamments; Torripsamments; Ustipsamments; Xeropsamments; 2.3.5 Histosols (Photo 2.11); 2.3.6 Inceptisols (Photos 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16 and 2.17); 2.3.6.1 Aquepts; Epiaquepts; 2.3.6.2 Cryepts; 2.3.6.3 Udepts: Dystrudepts and Eutrudepts; 2.3.6.4 Ustepts: Dystrustepts and Haplustepts; 2.3.6.5 Xerepts; Calcixerepts; Dystroxerepts; Haploxerepts; 2.3.7 Mollisols; 2.3.7.1 Rendolls: Cryrendolls
2.3.7.2 Udolls: Hapludolls2.3.7.3 Ustolls: Haplustolls; 2.3.7.4 Xerolls; Haploxerolls; Calcixerolls; 2.3.8 Spodosols; 2.3.8.1 Humods: Haplohumods; 2.3.8.2 Orthods: Haplorthods; 2.3.9 Ultisols; 2.3.9.1 Udults: Hapludults; 2.3.9.2 Ustults: Haplustults; 2.3.9.3 Xerults: Haploxerults; 2.3.10 Vertisols; 2.3.10.1 Uderts: Hapluderts; 2.3.10.2 Usterts: Calciusterts and Haplusterts; 2.3.10.3 Xerert: Calcixererts and Haploxererts; Appendix; References; 3 Soils of the Temperate Humid Zone; 3.1Introduction; 3.2Soil Research History; 3.3Soil-Forming Factors
3.3.1 Soil Parent Materials and Geomorphology3.3.1.1 Rock Types; 3.3.1.2 Geological Units; 3.3.1.3 Geomorphology; 3.3.2 Climate; 3.3.2.1 General Climatic Aspects of the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone; 3.3.2.2 Temperature, Precipitation, Drainage, and Moisture Deficit in the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone; 3.3.3 Vegetation and Land Use; 3.3.3.1 Climax Vegetation in the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone; 3.3.3.2 Actual Vegetation in the Spanish Temperate Humid Zone: Natural Forest Formations