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Foreword; Contents; List of Symbols; Chapter 1 The Development of Earth Building ; 1.1 Historical Roots of Building with Earth; 1.2 Earth Building as Cultural Heritage; 1.3 Historical Development of Earth Building in Germany; 1.4 Earth Building Today: Ecological and Economic Aspects; 1.4.1 Sustainable Building; 1.4.1.1 Raw Materials and Building Materials; 1.4.1.2 Building Construction; 1.4.1.3 Surroundings; 1.4.2 The Life Cycle and Material Cycle of a Building; 1.4.3 Environmental Management and Life Cycle Assessment; 1.4.3.1 Defi ning Goal and Scope; 1.4.3.2 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
Primary Energy IntensityCumulative Energy Demand; 1.4.3.3 Impact Assessment; 1.4.3.4 Interpretation; 1.4.3.5 Environmental Product Declarations and Certifi cationof Buildings; Environmental Product Declarations; Certification of Buildings ; 1.4.4 Economic Aspects; 1.5 Classification of Earth Building as a Field of Science ; 1.5.1 Terminology; 1.5.2 Building Material and Building Technique; References; Chapter 2: Construction Soil: Sourcing, Extraction, and Classification; 2.1 Natural Soils; 2.1.1 The Formation of Natural Soils; 2.1.1.1 Soil Profile; 2.1.1.2 Soil Components; Solid Components
Liquid ComponentsGaseous Components; 2.1.1.3 Factors Influencing Soil Formation; Climate and Vegetation; Time; Rock and Topography; Human Activity; 2.1.2 Designations of Natural Soils; 2.1.2.1 Loess and Loess Soil; 2.1.2.2 Glacial Marl and Glacial Soil (Till); 2.1.2.3 Eluvial Soil; 2.1.2.4 Fluvial and Slope Wash Soils; 2.1.2.5 Clays; 2.1.2.6 Tropical Residual Soils; Laterites; Black Cotton Soils; Desert and Semidesert Soils; 2.2 Construction Soil; 2.2.1 Terminology; 2.2.1.1 Open Pit Soil; 2.2.1.2 Dry Soil and Powdered Clay; 2.2.1.3 Recycled Earthen Material; 2.2.1.4 Compressed Soil
2.2.2 Sourcing2.2.2.1 Sourcing Investigation Methods; Test Excavation; Penetration Tests; Boring; 2.2.2.2 Sampling; Obtaining Samples; Manual Test Methods; Visual Assessment of Grain Composition; Manual Testing at the Soil Sample Site; 2.2.3 Testing and Classification; 2.2.3.1 Grain Parameters; Grain Sizes and Grain Distribution; Terminology; Test Procedures; Classification; Grain Shape and Grain Angularity; Grain Surface; 2.2.3.2 Processing Parameters; Moisture Content; Terminology; Test Methods; Lab and Calculation Values; Plasticity Index PI, Consistency Index CI; Terminology; Test Methods
Lab and Calculation ValuesPlasticity According to Pfefferkorn; Standard Consistency and Cohesive Strength; Terminology; Test Method; Lab and Calculation Values; Influencing Variables; 2.2.3.3 Deformation Parameters; Shrinkage; Terminology; Test Methods; Lab and Calculation Values; Influencing Variables; Swelling; Terminology; Test Methods; Lab and Calculation Values; Influencing Variables; 2.2.3.4 Chemical-Mineralogical Parameters; Clay Minerals; Terminology; Test Methods; Influencing Variables; Natural Additives; Lime Content; Water-Soluble Salts; Organic Matter
Primary Energy IntensityCumulative Energy Demand; 1.4.3.3 Impact Assessment; 1.4.3.4 Interpretation; 1.4.3.5 Environmental Product Declarations and Certifi cationof Buildings; Environmental Product Declarations; Certification of Buildings ; 1.4.4 Economic Aspects; 1.5 Classification of Earth Building as a Field of Science ; 1.5.1 Terminology; 1.5.2 Building Material and Building Technique; References; Chapter 2: Construction Soil: Sourcing, Extraction, and Classification; 2.1 Natural Soils; 2.1.1 The Formation of Natural Soils; 2.1.1.1 Soil Profile; 2.1.1.2 Soil Components; Solid Components
Liquid ComponentsGaseous Components; 2.1.1.3 Factors Influencing Soil Formation; Climate and Vegetation; Time; Rock and Topography; Human Activity; 2.1.2 Designations of Natural Soils; 2.1.2.1 Loess and Loess Soil; 2.1.2.2 Glacial Marl and Glacial Soil (Till); 2.1.2.3 Eluvial Soil; 2.1.2.4 Fluvial and Slope Wash Soils; 2.1.2.5 Clays; 2.1.2.6 Tropical Residual Soils; Laterites; Black Cotton Soils; Desert and Semidesert Soils; 2.2 Construction Soil; 2.2.1 Terminology; 2.2.1.1 Open Pit Soil; 2.2.1.2 Dry Soil and Powdered Clay; 2.2.1.3 Recycled Earthen Material; 2.2.1.4 Compressed Soil
2.2.2 Sourcing2.2.2.1 Sourcing Investigation Methods; Test Excavation; Penetration Tests; Boring; 2.2.2.2 Sampling; Obtaining Samples; Manual Test Methods; Visual Assessment of Grain Composition; Manual Testing at the Soil Sample Site; 2.2.3 Testing and Classification; 2.2.3.1 Grain Parameters; Grain Sizes and Grain Distribution; Terminology; Test Procedures; Classification; Grain Shape and Grain Angularity; Grain Surface; 2.2.3.2 Processing Parameters; Moisture Content; Terminology; Test Methods; Lab and Calculation Values; Plasticity Index PI, Consistency Index CI; Terminology; Test Methods
Lab and Calculation ValuesPlasticity According to Pfefferkorn; Standard Consistency and Cohesive Strength; Terminology; Test Method; Lab and Calculation Values; Influencing Variables; 2.2.3.3 Deformation Parameters; Shrinkage; Terminology; Test Methods; Lab and Calculation Values; Influencing Variables; Swelling; Terminology; Test Methods; Lab and Calculation Values; Influencing Variables; 2.2.3.4 Chemical-Mineralogical Parameters; Clay Minerals; Terminology; Test Methods; Influencing Variables; Natural Additives; Lime Content; Water-Soluble Salts; Organic Matter