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Preface; Contents; Part I: Ultrasound Imaging; 1: Ultrasound Features of Thyroid, Parathyroid, Neck Lymph Nodes: Normal and Pathologic Pattern; 1.1 Thyroid; 1.1.1 Normal Neck Anatomy and Standard Ultrasound Examination; 1.1.2 Diffuse Thyroid Enlargement; 1.1.3 Focal Enlargement; 1.1.3.1 Echogenicity; 1.1.3.2 Calcifications; 1.1.3.3 Margins; 1.1.3.4 Halo; 1.1.3.5 Vascularization; 1.1.3.6 Taller Than Wide; 1.1.3.7 Stiffness; 1.1.3.8 Associated Features; 1.2 Neck Lymph Node; 1.3 Parathyroid; References; 2: Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy; 2.1 Procedure; 2.2 Contraindications
2.3 Complications2.4 Thyroglobulin in Washout Fluid from Lymph Node FNAB; References; 3: Cytology of Thyroid Lesions; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Non-neoplastic Lesions; 3.3 Indeterminate Lesions; 3.4 Suspicious for Malignancy; 3.5 Malignant Neoplasms; 3.6 Reporting Systems for Thyroid Cytology; References; 4: Molecular Markers in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies; 4.1 FNAB Material Retrieval, Conservation, Work-Up; 4.2 Assessment of Molecular Abnormality in Cytological Sample; 4.2.1 MicroRNA; 4.2.2 Gene Mutations; 4.2.3 Gene Translocations; 4.2.4 Gene Amplifications
4.2.5 Gene Expression Variation4.2.6 Aberrant Gene Methylation; 4.2.7 Veracyte Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC): Analytical and Clinical Value; 4.3 Impact on Diagnosis; 4.4 Impact on Surgical Choice; 4.5 Future Perspectives; References; Part II: Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques; 5: Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for the Management of Thyroid Lesions; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Cytological Assessment; 5.2.1 Technique; 5.2.1.1 Cystic Nodules; 5.2.1.2 Viscous Cystic Nodules; 5.2.1.3 Complex Nodules; 5.2.1.4 Solid Nodules; 5.2.2 Assessment of the Response to PEIT
5.2.3 Side Effects5.3 PEIT of Thyroid Cysts; 5.3.1 Rationale; 5.3.2 Results; 5.3.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.4 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules (AFTNs); 5.4.1 Rationale; 5.4.2 Results; 5.4.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.5 Cold Nodules; 5.5.1 Rationale; 5.5.2 Results; 5.5.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.6 Cervical Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer; 5.6.1 Rationale; 5.6.2 Results; 5.6.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.7 Other Neck Lesions; 5.8 Costs; Conclusions; References
6: Percutaneous Laser Thermal Ablation (LAT): Techniques, Indications, Experience and Complications6.1 Principles and Technique; 6.2 Experience; 6.2.1 Cold Nodules; 6.2.2 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules; 6.2.3 Cystic Lesions; 6.2.4 Cervical Recurrences of Thyroid Tumours; 6.3 Tolerability and Safety; 6.3.1 Tolerability; 6.3.2 Complications; 6.4 Conclusions and Indications; References; 7: Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Procedure; 7.2.1 Devices; 7.2.2 The Trans-isthmic Approach and Moving Shot Technique; 7.3 Indications
2.3 Complications2.4 Thyroglobulin in Washout Fluid from Lymph Node FNAB; References; 3: Cytology of Thyroid Lesions; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Non-neoplastic Lesions; 3.3 Indeterminate Lesions; 3.4 Suspicious for Malignancy; 3.5 Malignant Neoplasms; 3.6 Reporting Systems for Thyroid Cytology; References; 4: Molecular Markers in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies; 4.1 FNAB Material Retrieval, Conservation, Work-Up; 4.2 Assessment of Molecular Abnormality in Cytological Sample; 4.2.1 MicroRNA; 4.2.2 Gene Mutations; 4.2.3 Gene Translocations; 4.2.4 Gene Amplifications
4.2.5 Gene Expression Variation4.2.6 Aberrant Gene Methylation; 4.2.7 Veracyte Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC): Analytical and Clinical Value; 4.3 Impact on Diagnosis; 4.4 Impact on Surgical Choice; 4.5 Future Perspectives; References; Part II: Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques; 5: Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for the Management of Thyroid Lesions; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Cytological Assessment; 5.2.1 Technique; 5.2.1.1 Cystic Nodules; 5.2.1.2 Viscous Cystic Nodules; 5.2.1.3 Complex Nodules; 5.2.1.4 Solid Nodules; 5.2.2 Assessment of the Response to PEIT
5.2.3 Side Effects5.3 PEIT of Thyroid Cysts; 5.3.1 Rationale; 5.3.2 Results; 5.3.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.4 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules (AFTNs); 5.4.1 Rationale; 5.4.2 Results; 5.4.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.5 Cold Nodules; 5.5.1 Rationale; 5.5.2 Results; 5.5.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.6 Cervical Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer; 5.6.1 Rationale; 5.6.2 Results; 5.6.3 Indications for Clinical Practice; 5.7 Other Neck Lesions; 5.8 Costs; Conclusions; References
6: Percutaneous Laser Thermal Ablation (LAT): Techniques, Indications, Experience and Complications6.1 Principles and Technique; 6.2 Experience; 6.2.1 Cold Nodules; 6.2.2 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules; 6.2.3 Cystic Lesions; 6.2.4 Cervical Recurrences of Thyroid Tumours; 6.3 Tolerability and Safety; 6.3.1 Tolerability; 6.3.2 Complications; 6.4 Conclusions and Indications; References; 7: Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Procedure; 7.2.1 Devices; 7.2.2 The Trans-isthmic Approach and Moving Shot Technique; 7.3 Indications