Clinical low field strength magnetic resonance imaging [electronic resource] : a practical guide to accessible MRI / Hans-Martin Klein.

Foreword; The Great Wave at Low Field Strength; Preface; Contents; List of Contributors; 1: Introduction; 1.1 History; References; 2: MRI System; 2.1 Magnet; 2.1.1 Permanent Magnets; 2.1.2 Electromagnets; 2.1.3 Superconducting Magnets; 2.1.4 Dedicated Systems; 2.1.5 Homogeneity; 2.1.6 Vertical or Horizontal Magnetic Field?; 2.2 Gradients; 2.2.1 Gradient Chain; 2.2.2 Rise Time and Slew Rate; 2.2.3 Eddy Currents; 2.3 RF Chain; 2.3.1 Transmitter; 2.3.2 Coils; 2.3.2.1 Solenoid Coils; 2.3.2.2 Helmholtz Coil; 2.3.2.3 Quadrature/Birdcage Coil; 2.3.2.4 Array Coil

2.3.2.5 A/D Converter2.4 Back End; 2.5 Quality; References; 3: Site Planning; 3.1 MRI System Components; 3.2 Room Size and Conditions; 3.3 Transport and Installation; 3.4 Static Requirements; 3.5 Power Supply and Cooling; 3.6 Sound and Vibration; 3.7 Static Magnetic Field; 3.8 Distortion of the Magnetic Field; 3.9 Distortion of Equipment by the MRI Magnetic Fringe Field; 3.10 RF Shielding; 3.11 Room Light, Reporting Stations; 3.12 Warning Signs; References; 4: Safety Considerations; 4.1 Static Magnetic Fields; 4.2 Gradient Magnetic Fields; 4.3 Radiofrequency Fields

4.4 Acoustic Noise4.5 Claustrophobia; 4.6 Pacemaker; 4.7 Other Devices; 4.7.1 Cerebrospinal Fluid Valves; 4.7.2 Cochlear Implants; 4.7.3 Bullets, Pellets, Shrapnel; References; 5: Low-Field-Specific Physical Aspects; 5.1 Larmor Frequency and Chemical Shift; 5.2 Homogeneity; 5.3 T1 Relaxation; 5.4 Contrast-Enhanced Imaging; 5.5 Bandwidth; 5.6 RF Deposition; 5.7 Susceptibility; 5.8 Sensitivity to Motion; 5.9 Dielectric Effects; 5.10 Signal-to-Noise Ratio; References; 6: Low-Field Imaging Technique; 6.1 Positioning; 6.2 Sequences; 6.2.1 Spin Echo; 6.2.2 Multi-Spin Echo

6.2.3 Gradient Echo6.2.4 Rapid Gradient Echo Imaging; 6.2.5 3D Imaging; 6.2.6 Fat Saturation; 6.2.6.1 Dixon Technique; 6.2.6.2 Spectral Fat Saturation; 6.2.6.3 Water Excitation; 6.2.6.4 STIR; 6.2.6.5 SPAIR; 6.2.7 Diffusion Imaging; 6.2.8 Angiographic Techniques; 6.2.8.1 Time of Flight (Inflow Angiography); 6.2.8.2 Phase-Contrast MR Angiography; 6.2.8.3 Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography (CE-MRA); 6.2.8.4 Black Blood MR Angiography; 6.3 Spatial Resolution; 6.3.1 Matrix; 6.3.2 Interpolation; 6.4 Contrast; 6.4.1 Contrast to Noise; 6.4.2 Number of Excitations

6.4.3 Postprocessing6.5 Temporal Resolution; 6.5.1 Partial Scan; 6.5.2 Parallel Imaging; 6.6 Contrast Agents; 6.6.1 Positive Contrast Agents; 6.6.2 Negative Contrast Agents; 6.6.3 Gadolinium; 6.6.4 Ventilation Imaging; 6.6.5 Enteral Contrast Agents; 6.7 Artifacts; 6.7.1 Distortion of the Magnetic Field; 6.7.1.1 Inhomogeneity; 6.7.1.2 Susceptibility; 6.7.2 RF and Gradients; 6.7.2.1 Slice Profile Artifacts; 6.7.2.2 Line Artifacts; 6.7.3 Motion; 6.7.3.1 Heart and Lungs; 6.7.3.2 Flow; 6.7.4 Signal Processing; 6.7.4.1 Chemical Shift; 6.7.4.2 Aliasing; 6.7.4.3 Truncation