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Preface; Contents; List of Figures; 1 Mathematics of Pseudo-complex General Relativity; 1.1 Definitions and Properties; 1.2 Calculus; References; 2 Pseudo-complex General Relativity; 2.1 The Attempt by A. Einstein; 2.2 Caianiello's Observation; 2.3 Concerns Brought Forward by M. Born; 2.4 Hermitian Gravity; 2.5 The Approach in pc-GR; 2.6 Construction of Pseudo-complex General Relativity; 2.7 A Modification of the Variational Principle; References; 3 Solutions for Central Masses: pc-Schwarzschild, pc-Kerr and pc-Reissner-Nordström ; 3.1 Modified Variational Procedure in an 8-dimensional Space
3.1.1 Isotropic and Anisotropic Fluids3.2 The pc-Schwarzschild Solution; 3.3 The pc-Kerr Solution; 3.4 The pc-Reissner-Nordström Solution; References; 4 Pseudo-complex Robertson-Walker Metric; 4.1 Solving the Equations of Motion; 4.2 Some Consequences; 4.3 An Oscillating Universe; 4.3.1 The Adiabatic Expansion and Contraction of the Universe; References; 5 Observational Verifications of pc-GR; 5.1 Motion of a Particle in a Circular Orbit: Orbital Frequency and Redshift; 5.1.1 Radial Dependence of the Angular Frequency and Stable Orbits
5.1.2 Redshift for Schwarzschild- and Kerr-Type of Solutions5.1.3 Effective Potentials and Circular Orbits; 5.1.4 Galactic "Black-Holes'' and Observational Verification by pc-GR; 5.2 Raytracing Method and the Imaging of the Accretion Disk; 5.2.1 Theoretical Background; 5.2.2 Predictions; 5.3 Conclusions; References; 6 Neutron Stars Within the Pseudo-complex General Relativity; 6.1 Theoretical Background; 6.1.1 Interior Region; 6.1.2 Equation of State for Standard Matter; 6.1.3 Equation of State for the [delta]-term; 6.1.4 Exterior Shell; 6.1.5 Boundary Conditions; 6.1.6 Energy Conditions
6.2 Numerical Framework, Results and Discussions6.3 Resuming the Results Presented in This Chapter; References; 7 Pseudo-complex Differential Geometry; 7.1 A Short Introduction to Differential Geometry; 7.1.1 Topology; 7.1.2 Differential Manifolds; 7.1.3 Vectors and Tensors; 7.1.4 Metric and Curvature; 7.2 Pseudo-complex Differential Geometry; 7.2.1 Pseudo-complex Manifolds as Product Manifolds; 7.3 Pseudo-complex Tangent and Cotangent Spaces; 7.3.1 Real Tangent and Cotangent Space of a Pseudo-complex Manifold; 7.3.2 Pseudo-complexified Tangent and Cotangent Space; 7.4 Metric
7.5 Connection and Curvature7.6 Pseudo-complex General Relativity; References; Index
3.1.1 Isotropic and Anisotropic Fluids3.2 The pc-Schwarzschild Solution; 3.3 The pc-Kerr Solution; 3.4 The pc-Reissner-Nordström Solution; References; 4 Pseudo-complex Robertson-Walker Metric; 4.1 Solving the Equations of Motion; 4.2 Some Consequences; 4.3 An Oscillating Universe; 4.3.1 The Adiabatic Expansion and Contraction of the Universe; References; 5 Observational Verifications of pc-GR; 5.1 Motion of a Particle in a Circular Orbit: Orbital Frequency and Redshift; 5.1.1 Radial Dependence of the Angular Frequency and Stable Orbits
5.1.2 Redshift for Schwarzschild- and Kerr-Type of Solutions5.1.3 Effective Potentials and Circular Orbits; 5.1.4 Galactic "Black-Holes'' and Observational Verification by pc-GR; 5.2 Raytracing Method and the Imaging of the Accretion Disk; 5.2.1 Theoretical Background; 5.2.2 Predictions; 5.3 Conclusions; References; 6 Neutron Stars Within the Pseudo-complex General Relativity; 6.1 Theoretical Background; 6.1.1 Interior Region; 6.1.2 Equation of State for Standard Matter; 6.1.3 Equation of State for the [delta]-term; 6.1.4 Exterior Shell; 6.1.5 Boundary Conditions; 6.1.6 Energy Conditions
6.2 Numerical Framework, Results and Discussions6.3 Resuming the Results Presented in This Chapter; References; 7 Pseudo-complex Differential Geometry; 7.1 A Short Introduction to Differential Geometry; 7.1.1 Topology; 7.1.2 Differential Manifolds; 7.1.3 Vectors and Tensors; 7.1.4 Metric and Curvature; 7.2 Pseudo-complex Differential Geometry; 7.2.1 Pseudo-complex Manifolds as Product Manifolds; 7.3 Pseudo-complex Tangent and Cotangent Spaces; 7.3.1 Real Tangent and Cotangent Space of a Pseudo-complex Manifold; 7.3.2 Pseudo-complexified Tangent and Cotangent Space; 7.4 Metric
7.5 Connection and Curvature7.6 Pseudo-complex General Relativity; References; Index