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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; Understanding climate variability using dynamical systems theory; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Stochastic Dynamical Systems; 1.2 Hierarchy of models; 2 ENSO variability; 2.1 Phenomena; 2.2 A Minimal Model; 2.3 The ENSO mode; 2.4 Mechanisms of ENSO variability; 3 The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; 3.1 Basic phenomena; 3.2 Minimal model; 3.3 The AMO mode; 3.4 Physical mechanism: the thermal Rossby mode; 4 Summary and Discussion; Bibliography; A theoretical introduction to atmospheric and oceanic convection; 1 Introduction; 2 Thermodynamics.
2.1 Equation of state for dry and moist air2.2 Equation of state for seawater; 2.3 Potential temperature and adiabatic lapse rates for a subsaturated atmosphere; 2.4 Potential temperature and adiabatic lapse rates for a saturated atmosphere; 2.5 Potential temperature and adiabatic lapse rate for the ocean; 3 Dynamics; 3.1 Inviscid static stability; 3.2 Conditional instability; 3.3 Convective available potential energy; 4 Discussion and conclusions; Bibliography; Laboratory experiments on large-scale geophysical flows; 1 Historical Overview; 2 The basics of laboratory modeling; 3 Case studies.
3.1 Baroclinic instability and inertia-gravity waves3.2 Dynamics of passive tracers in the atmosphere; 3.3 Asymmetric temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere; 3.4 Interdecadal climate variability in the laboratory; 4 Concluding remarks; Bibliography; Individual Particle Based Description of Atmospheric Dispersion: a Dynamical Systems Approach; 1 Introduction; 2 The RePLaT Lagrangian Dispersion Model; 3 Data and Methods; 4 Validation: the Fukushima Accident; 5 Topological Entropy; 5.1 General Concepts; 5.2 A Case Study; 5.3 Geographical Distribution of Topological Entropy; 5.4 Remarks.
6 Escape Rate6.1 General Concepts; 6.2 Global Results; 6.3 The Eruption of Mount Merapi; 6.4 Remarks; 7 Ensemble Features and Outlook; Acknowledgements; Bibliography; The parameter optimization problem in state-of-the-art climate models and network analysis for systematic data mining in model intercomparison projects.; 1 Introduction; 2 Multiobjective optimization to understand parameter model sensitivity; 3 Network analysis to quantify climate interactions; 3.1 Conclusions; Bibliography; Climate dynamics on global scale: resilience, hysteresis and attribution of change; 1 Introduction.
2 The global climate in a box: Energy Balance Model2.1 Dynamical core; 2.2 Feedbacks and parameterizations; 2.3 From zero to one dimension; 3 Dynamics of hysteresis and resilience: abrupt and cyclic changes; 3.1 Abrupt change dynamics; 3.2 Cyclic change dynamics
hysteresis and resilience; 4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; Bibliography; Water in the climate system; 1 The water cycle; 2 Changes in precipitation; 3 Water cycle in the Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalaya and the role of uncertainty; 4 Long-distance moisture transport and local evaporation: dynamics of the Western Weather Patterns.
2.1 Equation of state for dry and moist air2.2 Equation of state for seawater; 2.3 Potential temperature and adiabatic lapse rates for a subsaturated atmosphere; 2.4 Potential temperature and adiabatic lapse rates for a saturated atmosphere; 2.5 Potential temperature and adiabatic lapse rate for the ocean; 3 Dynamics; 3.1 Inviscid static stability; 3.2 Conditional instability; 3.3 Convective available potential energy; 4 Discussion and conclusions; Bibliography; Laboratory experiments on large-scale geophysical flows; 1 Historical Overview; 2 The basics of laboratory modeling; 3 Case studies.
3.1 Baroclinic instability and inertia-gravity waves3.2 Dynamics of passive tracers in the atmosphere; 3.3 Asymmetric temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere; 3.4 Interdecadal climate variability in the laboratory; 4 Concluding remarks; Bibliography; Individual Particle Based Description of Atmospheric Dispersion: a Dynamical Systems Approach; 1 Introduction; 2 The RePLaT Lagrangian Dispersion Model; 3 Data and Methods; 4 Validation: the Fukushima Accident; 5 Topological Entropy; 5.1 General Concepts; 5.2 A Case Study; 5.3 Geographical Distribution of Topological Entropy; 5.4 Remarks.
6 Escape Rate6.1 General Concepts; 6.2 Global Results; 6.3 The Eruption of Mount Merapi; 6.4 Remarks; 7 Ensemble Features and Outlook; Acknowledgements; Bibliography; The parameter optimization problem in state-of-the-art climate models and network analysis for systematic data mining in model intercomparison projects.; 1 Introduction; 2 Multiobjective optimization to understand parameter model sensitivity; 3 Network analysis to quantify climate interactions; 3.1 Conclusions; Bibliography; Climate dynamics on global scale: resilience, hysteresis and attribution of change; 1 Introduction.
2 The global climate in a box: Energy Balance Model2.1 Dynamical core; 2.2 Feedbacks and parameterizations; 2.3 From zero to one dimension; 3 Dynamics of hysteresis and resilience: abrupt and cyclic changes; 3.1 Abrupt change dynamics; 3.2 Cyclic change dynamics
hysteresis and resilience; 4 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; Bibliography; Water in the climate system; 1 The water cycle; 2 Changes in precipitation; 3 Water cycle in the Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalaya and the role of uncertainty; 4 Long-distance moisture transport and local evaporation: dynamics of the Western Weather Patterns.