Preface; Contents; 1 Ionic Liquids in the Context of Separation Processes; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Ionic Liquids and Their Unique Characteristics; 1.3 Ionic Liquids in Separations; 1.4 Ionic Liquids for Better Separation Processes?; References; 2 Extractive Distillation with Ionic Liquids: Pilot Plant Experiments and Conceptual Process Design; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Objectives; 2.3 Methods; 2.4 Laboratory Experiments; 2.4.1 Separation of 1-Hexene and n-Hexane; 2.4.2 Separation of Ethanol/Water; 2.4.3 Separation of Methylcyclohexane and Toluene; 2.4.4 Separation of Ethylbenzene and Styrene

2.5 Pilot Plant2.5.1 Ethanol/Water Separation; 2.5.1.1 Experimental Conditions; 2.5.1.2 Modeling of the Extractive Distillation of Ethanol/Water Separation [35]; 2.5.2 Extractive Distillation with EG and [emim][N(CN)2] [35]; 2.5.3 Methylcyclohexane/Toluene Separation; 2.5.3.1 Experimental Conditions; 2.5.4 Extractive Distillation with NMP and [hmim][B(CN)4]; 2.6 Conceptual Process Design; 2.6.1 Ethanol/Water Separation; 2.6.2 Methylcyclohexane/Toluene Separation; 2.6.3 Ethylbenzene/Styrene Separation [41]; 2.7 Conclusion; References

3 Ionic Liquids for Extraction Processes in Refinery-Related Applications3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Crude Oil Processing; 3.3 Ionic Liquids in Upstream Operations; 3.3.1 Bitumen Recovery from Oil Sands; 3.3.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR); 3.3.3 Demulsification; 3.4 Ionic Liquids for Extraction Processes in Refining; 3.4.1 Desalting; 3.4.2 Metal Removal; 3.4.3 Etherification; 3.4.4 Aromatics Extraction; 3.4.5 Desulphurisation and Denitrogenation; 3.4.6 Deasphalting; 3.5 Final Remarks; References; 4 Ionic Liquids for Metal Ion Separation; 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Preparation and Characterization of IL Immobilized Adsorbents4.2.1 Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Supported Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resin; 4.2.2 Preparation and Characterization of Silica Supported Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resin SBA-15; 4.2.3 Preparation of ILs Functionalized Solvent-Impregnated Resins; 4.2.4 Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Inclusion Membranes; 4.2.5 Preparation and Characterization of Sol-Gel Materials Containing ILs; 4.2.6 Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Biosorbents Containing ILs

4.3 Adsorption Mechanism of Metal Ion Separation4.3.1 Adsorption Kinetics of Metal Ions; 4.3.2 Adsorption Isotherms of Metal Ions; 4.3.3 Resin Regeneration and Reusability; 4.4 Separation of Metal Ions by Supported Ionic Liquid; 4.5 Conclusion; Appendix: List of Abbreviations; References; 5 Aqueous Biphasic Systems Based on Ionic Liquids for Extraction, Concentration and Purification Approaches; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 IL-Based ABS in the Extraction/Purification of Value-Added Compounds; 5.2.1 Extraction/Purification of Value-Added Compounds from Plant Matrices