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Foreword; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Abbreviations; Part I: Introduction; 1: Cardiac Development and Animal Models of Congenital Heart Defects; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 From the Cardiac Crescent to the Embryonic Heart Tube; 1.3 Ballooning Morphogenesis and Cardiac Septation; 1.4 Development of the Conduction System and Coronary Circulation; 1.5 Animal Models of Heart Development; References; 2: Normal Cardiac Anatomy and Clinical Evaluation; 2.1 Introduction Normal Heart Anatomy; 2.1.1 Venous Return to the Heart; 2.1.2 Atria; 2.1.3 Atrioventricular Valves; 2.1.4 Ventricles.
2.1.5 Semilunar Valves2.1.6 Great Arteries; 2.1.7 Coronary Arteries; 2.1.8 Electrical System; 2.2 Techniques, History, and Physical Examination; 2.2.1 The History; 2.2.2 Physical Examination; 2.2.3 The Electrocardiogram; 2.2.4 Chest X-Ray; 2.2.5 Echocardiography; 2.2.6 Cardiac Catheterization; Part II: Development of the Heart and Its Vessels; 3: First and Second Heart Field; 3.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective; 3.2 The First Heart Field; 3.3 The Second Heart Field; 3.3.1 Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation; 3.3.2 Patterning the SHF.
3.4 Non-myocardial Derivatives of the First and Second Lineages3.4.1 Endocardium, Epicardium and Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells; 3.4.2 Skeletal Muscles of the Head and Neck; Conclusion; References; 4: Neural Crest; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Overview of CNCC Derivatives; 4.3 Signaling Pathways Regulating Early CNCC Migration; 4.4 CNCCs and Pharyngeal Arch Artery Remodeling; 4.5 CNCCs and Septation of the Cardiac Outflow Tract and Valvulogenesis; 4.6 Role of Interaction of CNCCs and the Secondary Heart Field; 4.7 CNCCs in Cardiac Innervation and Conduction.
4.8 Failure of Outflow Septation: Persistent Truncus Arteriosus4.9 Examples of Human Syndromes with Defective CNCC Development; 4.9.1 22q11.2 Deletion Syndromes; 4.9.2 CHARGE Syndrome; 4.9.3 LEOPARD and Noonan Syndromes; Conclusion; References; 5: Inflow Tract Development; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Structures Found at the Venous Pole; 5.3 Development of the Venous Pole; 5.3.1 The Dorsal Mesocardium; 5.3.2 The Atrioventricular Cushions; 5.3.3 The Primitive Pulmonary Vein; 5.3.4 The Sinus Venosus; 5.3.5 The Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion; 5.3.6 The Components of the Atrial Septum.
2.1.5 Semilunar Valves2.1.6 Great Arteries; 2.1.7 Coronary Arteries; 2.1.8 Electrical System; 2.2 Techniques, History, and Physical Examination; 2.2.1 The History; 2.2.2 Physical Examination; 2.2.3 The Electrocardiogram; 2.2.4 Chest X-Ray; 2.2.5 Echocardiography; 2.2.6 Cardiac Catheterization; Part II: Development of the Heart and Its Vessels; 3: First and Second Heart Field; 3.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective; 3.2 The First Heart Field; 3.3 The Second Heart Field; 3.3.1 Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation; 3.3.2 Patterning the SHF.
3.4 Non-myocardial Derivatives of the First and Second Lineages3.4.1 Endocardium, Epicardium and Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells; 3.4.2 Skeletal Muscles of the Head and Neck; Conclusion; References; 4: Neural Crest; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Overview of CNCC Derivatives; 4.3 Signaling Pathways Regulating Early CNCC Migration; 4.4 CNCCs and Pharyngeal Arch Artery Remodeling; 4.5 CNCCs and Septation of the Cardiac Outflow Tract and Valvulogenesis; 4.6 Role of Interaction of CNCCs and the Secondary Heart Field; 4.7 CNCCs in Cardiac Innervation and Conduction.
4.8 Failure of Outflow Septation: Persistent Truncus Arteriosus4.9 Examples of Human Syndromes with Defective CNCC Development; 4.9.1 22q11.2 Deletion Syndromes; 4.9.2 CHARGE Syndrome; 4.9.3 LEOPARD and Noonan Syndromes; Conclusion; References; 5: Inflow Tract Development; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Structures Found at the Venous Pole; 5.3 Development of the Venous Pole; 5.3.1 The Dorsal Mesocardium; 5.3.2 The Atrioventricular Cushions; 5.3.3 The Primitive Pulmonary Vein; 5.3.4 The Sinus Venosus; 5.3.5 The Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion; 5.3.6 The Components of the Atrial Septum.