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Foreword; Contents; Contributors; Introduction; Part I Justice Reforms in Continental Europe; 1 From Octopus to the Reorganisation of the Judicial Landscape in Belgium ; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Historical Overview of Reforms in the Belgian Judicial System; 1.2.1 Octopus Reform; 1.2.1.1 Objectives; 1.2.1.2 General Principles; 1.2.1.3 Results; 1.2.2 Themis Plan; 1.2.2.1 Objectives; 1.2.2.2 General Principles; 1.2.2.3 Results; 1.2.3 A New Judicial Landscape; 1.2.3.1 Objectives; 1.2.3.2 General Principles; 1.2.3.3 Results; 1.3 The Judicial Reform (2014-); 1.3.1 Scale Enlargement; 1.3.2 Mobility
1.3.3 Management1.4 What Will the Future Bring?; 1.5 Conclusion; References; 2 Indicators or Incentives? Some Thoughts on the Use of the Penal Response Rate for Measuring the Activity of Public Prosecutors' Offices in France (1999-2010) ; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Statistical Tools for Measuring Judicial Activity; 2.3 Changes: Real or Cosmetic?; 2.4 From Indicative to Incentive; 2.5 Are Prosecutors Altering Their Interpretation?; 2.6 A Spreading Phenomenon; References; 3 Different Methods, Same Results as French Criminal Courts Try to Meet Contradictory Policy Demands ; 3.1 Introduction
3.2 How Criminal-Justice Policies Have Changed in Response to Managerial Requirements: Diverse Local Practices3.2.1 Greater Judicial Reactivity; 3.2.2 Systematising Punishment at the Lowest Possible Cost; 3.2.3 Quality-Related Approaches Focused on a New Strategy of Graduated Penalties; 3.2.4 Caseload Management: A Constant Struggle; 3.3 Counterproductive Effects in Terms of Individualised Punishments; 3.3.1 A Marginal Qualitative Adaptation; 3.3.2 Increasing Inequality Between Defendants in Different Jurisdictions; 3.3.3 Limited Effect on Speed; 3.4 Conclusion; References
4 The Position of the Public Prosecution Service in the New Swiss Criminal Justice Chain 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Preliminary Remarks; 4.1.2 The Situation Before 2011; 4.1.3 The Unification of the Swiss Criminal Justice System; 4.1.3.1 The New Swiss Criminal Procedure Code; 4.1.3.2 The New Criminal Justice Chain in Switzerland; 4.2 The Formal Position of the Public Prosecution Service; 4.2.1 Status of an Authority Under the Swiss System of Separation of Powers; 4.2.1.1 The Theoretical Background: Swiss Constitutional Law; 4.2.1.2 The Variations in Implementation
4.2.2 The Personal Independence of the Prosecutor4.3 The Internal Organisation of the Cantonal Prosecution Services; 4.4 The Interface Between the Public Prosecution Service and the Police; 4.4.1 The Position of the Police in the Cantonal Organisation; 4.4.1.1 Basic Remarks; 4.4.1.2 The Multiple Roles of the Police; 4.4.2 A Principal and Agent Relationship; 4.4.3 The Difference in Culture Between the Police and the Public Prosecution Service; 4.4.4 The Prosecutors' Attitude to the Work of the Police; 4.5 First Experiences with the New Prosecution Model; 4.6 Concluding Remarks; References
1.3.3 Management1.4 What Will the Future Bring?; 1.5 Conclusion; References; 2 Indicators or Incentives? Some Thoughts on the Use of the Penal Response Rate for Measuring the Activity of Public Prosecutors' Offices in France (1999-2010) ; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Statistical Tools for Measuring Judicial Activity; 2.3 Changes: Real or Cosmetic?; 2.4 From Indicative to Incentive; 2.5 Are Prosecutors Altering Their Interpretation?; 2.6 A Spreading Phenomenon; References; 3 Different Methods, Same Results as French Criminal Courts Try to Meet Contradictory Policy Demands ; 3.1 Introduction
3.2 How Criminal-Justice Policies Have Changed in Response to Managerial Requirements: Diverse Local Practices3.2.1 Greater Judicial Reactivity; 3.2.2 Systematising Punishment at the Lowest Possible Cost; 3.2.3 Quality-Related Approaches Focused on a New Strategy of Graduated Penalties; 3.2.4 Caseload Management: A Constant Struggle; 3.3 Counterproductive Effects in Terms of Individualised Punishments; 3.3.1 A Marginal Qualitative Adaptation; 3.3.2 Increasing Inequality Between Defendants in Different Jurisdictions; 3.3.3 Limited Effect on Speed; 3.4 Conclusion; References
4 The Position of the Public Prosecution Service in the New Swiss Criminal Justice Chain 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Preliminary Remarks; 4.1.2 The Situation Before 2011; 4.1.3 The Unification of the Swiss Criminal Justice System; 4.1.3.1 The New Swiss Criminal Procedure Code; 4.1.3.2 The New Criminal Justice Chain in Switzerland; 4.2 The Formal Position of the Public Prosecution Service; 4.2.1 Status of an Authority Under the Swiss System of Separation of Powers; 4.2.1.1 The Theoretical Background: Swiss Constitutional Law; 4.2.1.2 The Variations in Implementation
4.2.2 The Personal Independence of the Prosecutor4.3 The Internal Organisation of the Cantonal Prosecution Services; 4.4 The Interface Between the Public Prosecution Service and the Police; 4.4.1 The Position of the Police in the Cantonal Organisation; 4.4.1.1 Basic Remarks; 4.4.1.2 The Multiple Roles of the Police; 4.4.2 A Principal and Agent Relationship; 4.4.3 The Difference in Culture Between the Police and the Public Prosecution Service; 4.4.4 The Prosecutors' Attitude to the Work of the Police; 4.5 First Experiences with the New Prosecution Model; 4.6 Concluding Remarks; References