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Multi-scale Structure Formation and Dynamics in Cosmic Plasmas; Plasma Structures: From the Earth Magnetosphere to Clusters of Galaxies; Acknowledgements; References; Electric Current Circuits in Astrophysics; Introduction; Electric Circuit of the Pulsar Wind; Stellar Winds: 1D MHD, Partial Current Closure; Stellar Winds: 2D, Complete Current Closure; MHD Integrals for Axially Symmetric Cold Winds; Pulsar: Aligned Rotator; Vacuum Versus Plasma; Aligned Rotator: Numerical Results on Collimation and Acceleration; The Effect of a Parallel Potential Gap; More Numerical MHD Results
Current Starvation and Generalized Magnetic ReconnectionOblique Rotator: What to Expect?; Displacement Current in an Oblique Rotator Wind; Force-Free Wind of an Oblique Rotator Contains a Displacement Current Sheet; Simple Proof for the Existence of a Displacement Current; Vacuum Versus Plasma: Numerical Results; Wind from an Oblique Rotator as a TEM Wave; Crab Wind Energy Carried by a TEM Wave; Co-moving Poynting Flux Acceleration (CPFA); Current Sheets; Current Sheets on the Boundary Between Open and Closed Field?; Current Sheets Between Equatorial Stripes?
Towards a Realistic Description of the Equatorial Wind of an Oblique Rotator3D-Instability of a Toroidal Wind; Conclusions for Radio Pulsar Winds; Current Circuits in Solar Flares; Coronal Currents and Energy Storage; Instability of Current-Carrying Flux Ropes and Flare Onset; Fixed Circuit (Single Loop) Flare Models; Current Diversion Flare Models; Singular Current-Carrying Structures in a Complex Corona; Beams and Return Currents; Current Circuits and Flare Particle Acceleration; Conclusions for Solar Flares; Electric Currents in the Earth's Magnetosphere and Ionosphere
Magnetopause CurrentNeutral Sheet Current; Ring Current; Field-Aligned Currents; Magnetic Fractures; Preventing Current Starvation; Conclusions for Terrestrial Magnetosphere and Ionosphere; Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; Magnetic Helicity and Large Scale Magnetic Fields: A Primer; Introduction; Key Properties of Magnetic Helicity; Magnetic Helicity as a Measure of Magnetic Flux Linkage, Twist, or Writhe; Evolution of Magnetic Helicity; Magnetic Helicity is Typically Better Conserved than Magnetic Energy; Minimum Energy State of Helical Magnetic Fields
Helicity and Large Scale Dynamo Saturation: Conceptual ProgressTypes of Dynamos and Approaches to Study Them; 20th Century vs. 21st Century Dynamos: Physical Role of Magnetic Helicity Conservation; Two-Scale Approach to Helicity Dynamics Provides Physical Insight; Basic Equations; Large Scale Field Growth: The alpha2 Dynamo Example; Helical Field Decay; Dynamical Magnetic Relaxation; Helicity Fluxes; Helicity Fluxes in Galactic and Stellar Contexts; Helicity Fluxes in Accretion Disks and Shearing Boxes; Gauge Issues; Summary and Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References
Current Starvation and Generalized Magnetic ReconnectionOblique Rotator: What to Expect?; Displacement Current in an Oblique Rotator Wind; Force-Free Wind of an Oblique Rotator Contains a Displacement Current Sheet; Simple Proof for the Existence of a Displacement Current; Vacuum Versus Plasma: Numerical Results; Wind from an Oblique Rotator as a TEM Wave; Crab Wind Energy Carried by a TEM Wave; Co-moving Poynting Flux Acceleration (CPFA); Current Sheets; Current Sheets on the Boundary Between Open and Closed Field?; Current Sheets Between Equatorial Stripes?
Towards a Realistic Description of the Equatorial Wind of an Oblique Rotator3D-Instability of a Toroidal Wind; Conclusions for Radio Pulsar Winds; Current Circuits in Solar Flares; Coronal Currents and Energy Storage; Instability of Current-Carrying Flux Ropes and Flare Onset; Fixed Circuit (Single Loop) Flare Models; Current Diversion Flare Models; Singular Current-Carrying Structures in a Complex Corona; Beams and Return Currents; Current Circuits and Flare Particle Acceleration; Conclusions for Solar Flares; Electric Currents in the Earth's Magnetosphere and Ionosphere
Magnetopause CurrentNeutral Sheet Current; Ring Current; Field-Aligned Currents; Magnetic Fractures; Preventing Current Starvation; Conclusions for Terrestrial Magnetosphere and Ionosphere; Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; Magnetic Helicity and Large Scale Magnetic Fields: A Primer; Introduction; Key Properties of Magnetic Helicity; Magnetic Helicity as a Measure of Magnetic Flux Linkage, Twist, or Writhe; Evolution of Magnetic Helicity; Magnetic Helicity is Typically Better Conserved than Magnetic Energy; Minimum Energy State of Helical Magnetic Fields
Helicity and Large Scale Dynamo Saturation: Conceptual ProgressTypes of Dynamos and Approaches to Study Them; 20th Century vs. 21st Century Dynamos: Physical Role of Magnetic Helicity Conservation; Two-Scale Approach to Helicity Dynamics Provides Physical Insight; Basic Equations; Large Scale Field Growth: The alpha2 Dynamo Example; Helical Field Decay; Dynamical Magnetic Relaxation; Helicity Fluxes; Helicity Fluxes in Galactic and Stellar Contexts; Helicity Fluxes in Accretion Disks and Shearing Boxes; Gauge Issues; Summary and Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References