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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; About the Author; Chapter 1: The Paradox of Self-Destructive Choices; 1.1 What Are Self-Destructive Behaviors?; 1.1.1 Harmful Choices; 1.1.2 Associated Self-Destructive Behaviors; 1.2 Comparing Present and Future Rewards; 1.2.1 Present or Future? Choices over Time; 1.2.2 Present-Oriented Inclination: Subjective Discount Rates; 1.2.3 Bankers ́Way of Time Discounting; 1.3 Hyperbolic Discounting and Inconsistent Decisions; 1.3.1 Being Swayed by the Temptation of Immediate Rewards; 1.3.2 Self-Destructive Procrastination; 1.3.3 The Self-Control Problem
1.3.4 ``Sophisticated ́́People and ``Naive ́́People1.4 Binding Future Selves ́Hands; 1.4.1 Binding Loose Selves; 1.4.2 Freezing Assets; 1.5 Coping with Self-Destructive Behaviors; 1.5.1 Knowing Oneself: Self Signaling; 1.5.2 How to Improve Decisions and Behaviors; 1.5.3 Behavioral Economics Policy Recommendations; Supplement A: Monkeys and Chosan-Boshi?; Supplement B: Measuring Personal Discount Rates; Chapter 2: Varying Impatience; 2.1 Anomalies in Intertemporal Choices; 2.2 Smaller Amounts Are Discounted More; 2.2.1 The Magnitude Effect; 2.2.2 Increasing Proportionate Sensitivity
2.2.3 Mental Fixed Costs for Waiting2.2.4 Mental Accounting; 2.3 Gains Are Discounted More Than Losses; 2.3.1 The Sign Effect; 2.3.2 Decreasing Marginal Utility; 2.3.3 Loss Bias; 2.3.4 The Sign Effect and Borrowing Aversion; 2.3.5 Delay/Speed-Up Asymmetry; 2.3.6 The Framing Effect; 2.4 Choosing Improving Sequences; 2.4.1 Choice of Gratification Sequences; 2.4.2 Choosing the Smaller Lifetime Income; 2.4.3 The Seniority-Based Wage Puzzle; 2.4.4 Improvements Yield Gratification; 2.4.5 Savoring and Habituation; 2.4.6 Sequence as Context; 2.5 Conclusions
Chapter 3: Hyperbolic Discounting and Self-Destructive Behaviors3.1 Introduction; 3.2 More Impatient for More Immediate Gratification; 3.2.1 Proximal Future Choice and Distal Future Choice; 3.2.2 Exponential Discounting and Hyperbolic Discounting; 3.2.3 The Matching Law; 3.3 Inconsistent Choices; 3.3.1 Dual Personality; 3.3.2 Patient Plan with Impatient Behavior; 3.3.3 Procrastinating Tasks and Preproperating Leisure; 3.3.4 Too Much Consumption and Too Little Accumulation; 3.4 Mechanism of Hyperbolic Discounting; 3.4.1 Today Is Long: Distortion in Psychological Time
3.4.2 The Certainty Effect3.4.3 The Ant and the Grasshopper in the Brain; 3.5 Conclusions; Chapter 4: Self-Control Problems of the Dual Self; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Problems of the Dual Self; 4.2.1 The Self-Control Problem; 4.2.2 Pessimistic or Optimistic About Their Future Selves?; 4.2.3 When to Clean?: Sophistication Mitigates Procrastination; 4.2.4 Overly Abstentious Decision-Making; 4.2.5 When to See a Movie?: Sophistication Reinforces Preproperation; 4.3 Excessive Abstinence and Indulgence; 4.3.1 Self-Restraining Smart Choice to See the Grand-Prize Winning Movie
1.3.4 ``Sophisticated ́́People and ``Naive ́́People1.4 Binding Future Selves ́Hands; 1.4.1 Binding Loose Selves; 1.4.2 Freezing Assets; 1.5 Coping with Self-Destructive Behaviors; 1.5.1 Knowing Oneself: Self Signaling; 1.5.2 How to Improve Decisions and Behaviors; 1.5.3 Behavioral Economics Policy Recommendations; Supplement A: Monkeys and Chosan-Boshi?; Supplement B: Measuring Personal Discount Rates; Chapter 2: Varying Impatience; 2.1 Anomalies in Intertemporal Choices; 2.2 Smaller Amounts Are Discounted More; 2.2.1 The Magnitude Effect; 2.2.2 Increasing Proportionate Sensitivity
2.2.3 Mental Fixed Costs for Waiting2.2.4 Mental Accounting; 2.3 Gains Are Discounted More Than Losses; 2.3.1 The Sign Effect; 2.3.2 Decreasing Marginal Utility; 2.3.3 Loss Bias; 2.3.4 The Sign Effect and Borrowing Aversion; 2.3.5 Delay/Speed-Up Asymmetry; 2.3.6 The Framing Effect; 2.4 Choosing Improving Sequences; 2.4.1 Choice of Gratification Sequences; 2.4.2 Choosing the Smaller Lifetime Income; 2.4.3 The Seniority-Based Wage Puzzle; 2.4.4 Improvements Yield Gratification; 2.4.5 Savoring and Habituation; 2.4.6 Sequence as Context; 2.5 Conclusions
Chapter 3: Hyperbolic Discounting and Self-Destructive Behaviors3.1 Introduction; 3.2 More Impatient for More Immediate Gratification; 3.2.1 Proximal Future Choice and Distal Future Choice; 3.2.2 Exponential Discounting and Hyperbolic Discounting; 3.2.3 The Matching Law; 3.3 Inconsistent Choices; 3.3.1 Dual Personality; 3.3.2 Patient Plan with Impatient Behavior; 3.3.3 Procrastinating Tasks and Preproperating Leisure; 3.3.4 Too Much Consumption and Too Little Accumulation; 3.4 Mechanism of Hyperbolic Discounting; 3.4.1 Today Is Long: Distortion in Psychological Time
3.4.2 The Certainty Effect3.4.3 The Ant and the Grasshopper in the Brain; 3.5 Conclusions; Chapter 4: Self-Control Problems of the Dual Self; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Problems of the Dual Self; 4.2.1 The Self-Control Problem; 4.2.2 Pessimistic or Optimistic About Their Future Selves?; 4.2.3 When to Clean?: Sophistication Mitigates Procrastination; 4.2.4 Overly Abstentious Decision-Making; 4.2.5 When to See a Movie?: Sophistication Reinforces Preproperation; 4.3 Excessive Abstinence and Indulgence; 4.3.1 Self-Restraining Smart Choice to See the Grand-Prize Winning Movie