@article{756896,
      recid = {756896},
      author = {Dallek, Matthew,},
      title = {Defenseless under the night the Roosevelt years, civil  defense, and the origins of homeland security / [electronic  resource] :},
      pages = {1 online resource (xiii, 340 pages) :},
      abstract = {"As the bombs fell on Guernica and the Blitz terrorized  Britons--even before Pearl Harbor--Americans watched and  worried about attacks on their homeland. In May 1941, FDR  established an Office of Civilian Defense to protect  Americans from foreign and domestic threats. In this book,  Matthew Dallek narrates the history of the Office of  Civilian Defense. He uses the development of the precursor  of "homeland security" as a way of examining constitutional  questions about civil liberties; the role of government in  propagandizing to its own citizens; competing visions among  liberals and conservatives for establishing a plan to  defend America; and federal, state, and local  responsibilities for citizen protection. Much of the  dramatic tension lies in the preparation of communities  against attack and their fears of Japanese invasion along  the Pacific Coast and Nazi invasion. So too there was a  clash of visions between LaGuardia and Eleanor Roosevelt.  The mayor argued that the OCD's focus had to be on  preparing the country against German and Japanese attack,  including conducting blackout drills, preparing evacuation  plans, coordinating emergency medical teams, and protecting  industrial plants and transportation centers. The First  Lady believed the OCD should also promote social justice  for African Americans and women and raise civilian morale.  Their clashes frustrated FDR, who pressured them both to  resign in 1942, and led to the appointment of James Landis,  commissioner of the SEC, who created a semi-military  operation that involved grassroots citizen mobilization,  including planting Victory Gardens and building the Civil  Air Patrol. It was the largest volunteer program in World  War II America."--Provided by publisher.},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/756896},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199743124},
}