ntroduction : apparitions of Mary in the twentieth century; Visionary phenomena, visionaries, and shrines; Seeing and hearing the Virgin Mary; The presence of Mary in an alternative history; Structure of this work; Immaculate and sorrowful Mary : apparitions 1830-1917; Catholic Marian apparitions in the nineteenth century; Catholic Marian apparitions in the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries: three templates; The Apparitions at Fátima; Fátima and political change in Portugal; Sister Lúciaś narrative of war and peace; The revelations of Sister Lúcia; `Fátima I ́and `Fátima II;́ Catholic controversy over Fátima; Assessing Fátima; Catholic interpretations; Catholic discernment of apparitions; Church judgements on apparitions; Women as visionaries; The predominance of women and child visionaries; Victim souls and wise women; Women as popular theologians; Children as visionaries; Children and Imaginative play; childrenś spirituality; visions and adolescence; Basque raggle-taggle: Ezkioga; The account of Walter Starkie; Ezkioga and the Spanish Second Republic; Ezkioga and the Catholic Church; The miracle and the chastisement of Ezkioga; Between the wars: the Belgian visionary `Epidemic;́ Text and context; The apparitions at Beauraing and Banneux; Controversies; Many apparitions in Flanders and Wallonia; The Authentication of Beauraing and Banneux; Non-authenticated apparitions; `When the Gestapo Hounded the Apparitions:́ Mary in Nazi Germany; The question of Catholicism and the Third Reich; Marian visions during the Third Reich; Hearts and nations: visionary women as popular theologians; Jeanne-Louise Ramonet of Kerizinen, Brittany; Ida Peerdeman of Amsterdam; Jeanne-Luise Ramonet and Ida Peerdeman as `popular theologians;́ The Cold War and the Marian cult; The intensification of the Marian apparition Cult; Post-War Italy; Casanova Staffora: The vocation of Angela Volpini; Post-War Germany; Vatican II: Visionary reactions to change in the Church?; Apparitions and Vatican II; The events at Garabandal; Garabandal and Vatican II; San Damiano and the `Madonna of the roses;́ Medjugorje: the Queen of Peace and a Civil War; History, politics, and conflict; The Medjugorje apparitions; Catholic responses to Medjugorje; Episcopal judgement; Clerical support; Priests against Medjugorje; Medjugorje and the Croatian State; The Medjugorje cult; Grottoes, Statues, and visions in Ireland; From moving statues to apparitions; Social interpretations of the visionary phenomena; Clerical perspectives; The Media viewpoint; After the 1980s; The 1980s: Italy, Spain, France, and England.