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Contributors; Part I: Basic Understandings of Diagnostic Endoscopy of ESD for Gastric Cancer; 1: Indications for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Early Gastric Cancer; 1.1 Absolute Indication for EMR/ESD (Endoscopic Resection as a Standard Treatment); 1.2 Expanded Indications for ESD (Endoscopic Resection as an Investigative Treatment); 1.3 Lesions Which Are Out of Indications for EMR/ESD (Endoscopic Resection in Special Situations); 1.4 Curative and Non-curative Resections; 1.5 Future Perspectives of ESD; References
2: Basic Technique of Endoscopic Diagnosis for Superficial Gastric Adenocarcinoma2.1 Basic Structure of Gastric Mucosa; 2.2 Basic Structure of Gastric Adenocarcinoma; 2.2.1 Basic Structure of Well-Differentiated Adenocarcinoma (WDA); 2.2.2 Basic Structure of Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma (PDA); 2.2.3 What Makes Cancer Borders Well Demarcated or Unclear?; 2.3 Are There Helicobacter pylori?; 2.4 Points for Early Detection by White Light Image; 2.4.1 The First Step Is Removal of Mucus; 2.4.2 Protrusions; 2.4.2.1 Color; 2.4.2.2 Shape; 2.4.2.3 Demarcation of Rising Border
2.4.2.4 Surface PatternsDifferential Diagnosis for Red Protuberant Lesions; Differential Diagnosis for Protuberant Lesions of White or Same Color as Background; 2.4.3 Depressed Lesions; 2.4.3.1 Color; 2.4.3.2 Shape and Demarcation of Depressed Lesions; Red Depressed Lesions; Whitish Depressed Lesions; Red PDAs?; 2.4.4 Vascular Visibility; 2.4.5 Information from the Gastric Folds; 2.4.5.1 Bridging Fold; 2.4.5.2 Fold Convergence; Fold Convergences Caused by Ulcers; Fold Convergences Caused by PDAs; 2.4.5.3 Diagnosis of Invasion Depth by Fold Convergence; Reference
3: Diagnosis of Invasion Depth3.1 Surface Patterns of T1a Mucosal Cancer; 3.2 When Cancer Invades into the Submucosal Layer; 3.2.1 Principle 1. Elevation; 3.2.2 Principle 2. Depression; 3.2.3 Principle 3. Disappearance of Areal Patterns; 3.2.4 Principle 4. Fusion of the Folds; 3.3 Diagnosis of Invasion Depth, 0-I Type; 3.3.1 Case 1. 0-I, T1a, M Cancer; 3.3.2 Case 2. 0-I, T1a, M Cancer; 3.3.3 Case 3. 0-I, Tb, SM2 Cancer; 3.3.4 Case 4. 0-I, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.5 Case 5. 0-IIa, T1a, M Cancer; 3.3.6 Case 6. 0-IIa, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.7 Case 7. 0-IIa, T1b, SM Cancer
3.3.8 Case 8. 0-IIc, T1a, M Cancer3.3.9 Case 9. 0-IIc, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.10 Case 10. 0-IIc, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.11 Case 11. 0-IIc, T1b, SM Cancer; 4: Diagnosis of Lateral Extensions; 4.1 White Light (WL) Endoscopy; 4.2 Chromoendoscopy Using Indigo Carmine; 4.3 Acetic Acid and Indigo Carmine Mixture (AIM) Method; 4.4 NBI Magnified Endoscopy; 4.5 Limitations in Observation with NBI Magnified Endoscopy; References; 5: Diagnosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Magnified Endoscopy; 5.1 What Does Magnified Endoscopy Show?; 5.2 Surface Patterns; 5.2.1 Villous Patterns
2: Basic Technique of Endoscopic Diagnosis for Superficial Gastric Adenocarcinoma2.1 Basic Structure of Gastric Mucosa; 2.2 Basic Structure of Gastric Adenocarcinoma; 2.2.1 Basic Structure of Well-Differentiated Adenocarcinoma (WDA); 2.2.2 Basic Structure of Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma (PDA); 2.2.3 What Makes Cancer Borders Well Demarcated or Unclear?; 2.3 Are There Helicobacter pylori?; 2.4 Points for Early Detection by White Light Image; 2.4.1 The First Step Is Removal of Mucus; 2.4.2 Protrusions; 2.4.2.1 Color; 2.4.2.2 Shape; 2.4.2.3 Demarcation of Rising Border
2.4.2.4 Surface PatternsDifferential Diagnosis for Red Protuberant Lesions; Differential Diagnosis for Protuberant Lesions of White or Same Color as Background; 2.4.3 Depressed Lesions; 2.4.3.1 Color; 2.4.3.2 Shape and Demarcation of Depressed Lesions; Red Depressed Lesions; Whitish Depressed Lesions; Red PDAs?; 2.4.4 Vascular Visibility; 2.4.5 Information from the Gastric Folds; 2.4.5.1 Bridging Fold; 2.4.5.2 Fold Convergence; Fold Convergences Caused by Ulcers; Fold Convergences Caused by PDAs; 2.4.5.3 Diagnosis of Invasion Depth by Fold Convergence; Reference
3: Diagnosis of Invasion Depth3.1 Surface Patterns of T1a Mucosal Cancer; 3.2 When Cancer Invades into the Submucosal Layer; 3.2.1 Principle 1. Elevation; 3.2.2 Principle 2. Depression; 3.2.3 Principle 3. Disappearance of Areal Patterns; 3.2.4 Principle 4. Fusion of the Folds; 3.3 Diagnosis of Invasion Depth, 0-I Type; 3.3.1 Case 1. 0-I, T1a, M Cancer; 3.3.2 Case 2. 0-I, T1a, M Cancer; 3.3.3 Case 3. 0-I, Tb, SM2 Cancer; 3.3.4 Case 4. 0-I, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.5 Case 5. 0-IIa, T1a, M Cancer; 3.3.6 Case 6. 0-IIa, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.7 Case 7. 0-IIa, T1b, SM Cancer
3.3.8 Case 8. 0-IIc, T1a, M Cancer3.3.9 Case 9. 0-IIc, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.10 Case 10. 0-IIc, T1b, SM Cancer; 3.3.11 Case 11. 0-IIc, T1b, SM Cancer; 4: Diagnosis of Lateral Extensions; 4.1 White Light (WL) Endoscopy; 4.2 Chromoendoscopy Using Indigo Carmine; 4.3 Acetic Acid and Indigo Carmine Mixture (AIM) Method; 4.4 NBI Magnified Endoscopy; 4.5 Limitations in Observation with NBI Magnified Endoscopy; References; 5: Diagnosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Magnified Endoscopy; 5.1 What Does Magnified Endoscopy Show?; 5.2 Surface Patterns; 5.2.1 Villous Patterns