Foreword; The International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis: Origin, History and Scope; Contents; Part I: Sarcopenia and Obesity; 1: Sarcopenia: The Concept and Its Definitions; The Concept Sarcopenia; Changes in Muscle Mass with Aging; Accurate Assessment of Muscle Mass; Accurate Interpretation of Muscle Mass; Recent Definitions of Sarcopenia; Advantages and Disadvantages of the Recent Sarcopenia Definitions; The Future of Sarcopenia Research; References; 2: Defining Sarcopenia; Introduction; Lean Tissue Mass; Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)

Grip Strength Falls: An Important Clinical Consequence of Sarcopenia; Operational Definitions of Sarcopenia; Which Operational Definitions Predict the Rate of Falls; Study Measurements; Prevalence of Sarcopenia by the 9 Definitions; Conclusion; References; 3: Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Pediatric Bone; Introduction; Bone Mass, Structure and Strength; Bone Microarchitecture; Depot-Specific Adiposity; Insulin Resistance and Bone; Summary and Conclusions; References; 4: Influence of Sarcopenic and Dynapenic Obesity on Musculoskeletal Health and Function in Older Adults

Introduction Sarcopenia and Dynapenia; Sarcopenic and Dynapenic Obesity; Physical Performance; Falls, Fractures and Bone Health; Osteoarthritis; Lifestyle Interventions for Sarcopenic and Dynapenic Obesity; Summary; References; Part II: Protein; 5: Evidence for a Link Between Dietary Protein and Bone & Muscle Health in Adults; Introduction; Biological Mechanisms: Results From Calcium Absorption Studies; Dietary Protein and Bone Density; Dietary Protein and Hip Fracture; Dietary Protein Intervention Studies - and a Plausible Role for Calcium; Summary of Dietary Protein and Bone

Dietary Protein and MuscleReferences; 6: Dietary Protein, Exercise and Skeletal Muscle: Is There a Synergistic Effect in Older Adults and the Elderly?; Introduction; Does Protein Enhance the Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle in Older Adults?; Type of Protein; Amount of Protein; Protein Spread or Change Theory; Timing of Protein Intake; Pattern or Distribution of Protein Intake; Co-nutrient Ingestion; Summary and Future Directions; References; Part III: Selected Nutrients; 7: The Use of Calcium for Phosphate Control in Chronic Kidney Disease; Introduction

Overview of Phosphorus in Normal Physiology Abnormal Phosphorus Metabolism in Kidney Disease; Risk of Excess Phosphorus; Phosphate Management in CKD-MBD; Calcium-Based Phosphate Binders; Calcium Balance Studies in CKD; Conclusions; References; 8: Vitamin C and Bone Health; Introduction; Vitamin C Effects on the Skeleton; Vitamin C and Bone Density; Evidence from Cross-Section and Case-Control Studies; Interaction with Smoking; Interaction with Smoking and Estrogen Use; Interaction with Calcium Intake; Interaction with Calcium Intake and Estrogen Use