1: Introduction; References; 2: Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease and Depression; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Cardiovascular Disease; 2.1.2 Depression; 2.2 Depression and Cardiovascular Disease as Co-morbidities: Cause and Effect?; 2.2.1 Prevalence of Depression in Cardiovascular Disease Patients; 2.2.2 Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in Depressed Patients; 2.2.3 Depression as a CVD Risk Factor; 2.2.4 Risk Factors for Depression in CVD Patients; 2.2.5 Gender; 2.2.6 Age; 2.2.7 Prior History; 2.2.8 Functional Impairment; 2.2.9 Social Isolation/Participation

2.2.10 Impact of Depression on CVD Patients2.2.11 Impact of CVD on Depressed Patients; Conclusion; References; 3: The Risk Relationship Between Depression and CVD During Ageing; 3.1 Cardiovascular Risk Factors; 3.2 Bidirectional Relationship; 3.3 Underlying Mechanisms for the Link Between Depression and CVD; 3.4 Vascular Depression; 3.5 White Matter Abnormalities; 3.6 Neuropathology; 3.7 The Relationship Between Late-Life Depression, CVD and Dementia; Conclusions; References; 4: Mechanisms Linking Depression to Cardiovascular Disease: What Do Epidemiological Studies Tell Us?

4.1 Somatic Consequences of Depression4.2 The "Confounding Hypothesis" as Mechanism Linking Depression to Cardiovascular Health; 4.3 Unhealthy Lifestyle as Mechanism Linking Depression to Cardiovascular Health; 4.4 Biological Dysregulation Linking Depression to Cardiovascular Health; 4.4.1 Metabolic Dysregulation; 4.4.2 Immuno-Inflammatory Dysregulation; 4.4.3 Autonomic Dysregulation; 4.4.4 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysregulation; 4.5 Iatrogenic Effects Linking Depression to Cardiovascular Risk; 4.6 Other Noncausal Factors Linking Depression to Cardiovascular Risk

ConclusionsReferences; 5: Anxiety and the Effects on Cardiovascular Disease; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Epidemiological Studies Reporting Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Populations; 5.3 Panic Disorder and the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases; 5.4 Anxiety Disorders and Adverse Clinical Outcomes; 5.5 Does Anxiety and Depression Disorder Comorbidity Affect Cardiovascular Prognosis?; 5.6 Clinical Treatment of the Anxiety Disorders in CVDs; Conclusion; References; 6: A Clinical Cardiology Perspective of Psychocardiology; 6.1 Contemporary Medical Practice

6.2 Cardiological Issues in the Psychiatry Patient6.2.1 Premorbid Cardiac Conditions; 6.2.2 Cardiac Considerations in Psychological Disorders; 6.2.3 Cardiac Effects of Antidepressant Therapies; 6.3 Psychiatric Issues in the Cardiology Patient; 6.3.1 Premorbid Psychological Conditions; 6.3.2 Psychological Considerations in Cardiac Disorders; 6.3.3 Psychological Effects of Cardiac Therapies; 6.4 The Future of Psychocardiology; References; 7: The Validity of Vascular Depression as a Diagnostic Construct; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The VaD Hypothesis: Concept and Evolution