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Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Acronyms; Symbols and Marks; List of Figures; List of Tables; The Northern Sea Route in Global Shipping and History; 1 Introduction; Abstract; 1.1 Purpose and Scope of the Book; 1.2 Sea Route and Its Specifics; 1.3 Shipping Routes of the World; 1.4 Shipping Routes of the Russian Arctic; 1.5 Specificity of the Northern Sea Route as a Shipping Lane; References; Originally Published (Title in Russian or Polish) with English Title Translations; 2 A Brief History of Navigation on the Northern Sea Route; Abstract
2.1 The Beginnings of Cargo Shipping on the Northern Sea Route2.2 The Period of the Second World War; 2.3 Shipping on the Northern Sea Route After the Second World War; 2.4 Creation of Legal Amenities for International Traffic on the Northern Sea Route; 2.5 The Use of the Northern Sea Route for International Traffic; References; Originally Published (Title in Russian or Polish) with English Title Translations; Environmental Conditions-Bathymetry, Climate and Hydrology; 3 Environmental Conditions Affecting the Use of the Northern Sea Route as a Shipping Lane; Abstract
3.1 Bathymetric Conditions of the Russian Arctic Seas3.2 Climatic Conditions of the Russian Arctic Seas and Their Implications for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route; 3.2.1 Air Temperature; 3.2.2 Wind; 3.2.3 Fog and Horizontal Visibility; 3.2.4 Vessel Icing; 3.3 Hydrological Conditions of the Russian Arctic Seas and Their Implications for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route; 3.3.1 Sea Water Temperature; 3.3.2 Salinity and Density of Sea Water; 3.3.3 Waves; 3.3.4 Fluctuations of Water Levels and Tides; 3.3.5 Marine Currents; References
4.2.3 Changes in Ice Cover Concentration4.2.4 Ice Massifs; 4.2.5 Ice Cover Thickness; 4.2.6 Thickness of Snow on Ice; 4.2.7 Ice Decay; 4.3 Long-Term Variability of Ice Cover on Seas of the Russian Arctic; 4.3.1 The Barents Sea; 4.3.2 The Kara Sea; 4.3.3 The Laptev Sea; 4.3.4 The East Siberian Sea; 4.3.5 The Chukchi Sea; 4.3.6 The Bering Sea; 4.3.7 Length of Ice-Free Season; 4.4 Long-Term Variability of the Ice-Free Season on the Seas of the Russian Arctic; References; Originally Published (title in Russian or Polish) with English title translations
2.1 The Beginnings of Cargo Shipping on the Northern Sea Route2.2 The Period of the Second World War; 2.3 Shipping on the Northern Sea Route After the Second World War; 2.4 Creation of Legal Amenities for International Traffic on the Northern Sea Route; 2.5 The Use of the Northern Sea Route for International Traffic; References; Originally Published (Title in Russian or Polish) with English Title Translations; Environmental Conditions-Bathymetry, Climate and Hydrology; 3 Environmental Conditions Affecting the Use of the Northern Sea Route as a Shipping Lane; Abstract
3.1 Bathymetric Conditions of the Russian Arctic Seas3.2 Climatic Conditions of the Russian Arctic Seas and Their Implications for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route; 3.2.1 Air Temperature; 3.2.2 Wind; 3.2.3 Fog and Horizontal Visibility; 3.2.4 Vessel Icing; 3.3 Hydrological Conditions of the Russian Arctic Seas and Their Implications for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route; 3.3.1 Sea Water Temperature; 3.3.2 Salinity and Density of Sea Water; 3.3.3 Waves; 3.3.4 Fluctuations of Water Levels and Tides; 3.3.5 Marine Currents; References
4.2.3 Changes in Ice Cover Concentration4.2.4 Ice Massifs; 4.2.5 Ice Cover Thickness; 4.2.6 Thickness of Snow on Ice; 4.2.7 Ice Decay; 4.3 Long-Term Variability of Ice Cover on Seas of the Russian Arctic; 4.3.1 The Barents Sea; 4.3.2 The Kara Sea; 4.3.3 The Laptev Sea; 4.3.4 The East Siberian Sea; 4.3.5 The Chukchi Sea; 4.3.6 The Bering Sea; 4.3.7 Length of Ice-Free Season; 4.4 Long-Term Variability of the Ice-Free Season on the Seas of the Russian Arctic; References; Originally Published (title in Russian or Polish) with English title translations