Preface; Contents; Editors and Contributors; Chapter 1: Management of Livestock Wastes for Water Resource Protection; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Federal Regulations; 1.2 State Regulations; 2 Wastewater Characteristics; 2.1 General Characteristics of Wastewater; 2.1.1 Terminology; 2.1.2 Wastewater Characteristics; 2.2 Milk House Wastewater Characteristics; 2.2.1 Treatment of Milk House Wastewater; 2.2.2 Conservation; 3 Waste Treatment; 3.1 Anaerobic Digestion; 3.1.1 Types of Anaerobic Digesters; 3.2 Constructed Wetlands; 3.2.1 Description; 3.2.2 Constructed Wetland Types

3.2.3 Constructed Wetland Design3.3 Lagoons; 3.3.1 Anaerobic Lagoons; 3.3.2 Aerobic Lagoons; 3.3.3 Facultative Lagoons; 3.4 Thermal and Biological Chemical Treatment for Biogas Production; 3.4.1 Description; 3.4.2 Pyrolysis; 3.4.3 Direct Liquefaction; 3.4.4 Gasification; 3.5 Composting; 3.6 Vermicomposting; 3.7 Summary; 4 Land Application of Livestock Wastes; 4.1 Description; 4.2 Manure Handling Equipment; 4.2.1 Solid Manure; 4.2.2 Semisolid Manure; 4.2.3 Liquid Manure; 4.3 Time of Application; 4.4 Rate of Application; 4.5 Summary; 5 Storage of Livestock Wastes; 5.1 Description

5.2 Storage Time5.3 Facilities to Store Livestock Waste; 5.3.1 Solid Manure Storage; 5.3.2 Semisolid Manure Storage; 5.3.3 Liquid Manure Storage; 5.4 Storage Area Design; 5.5 Summary; 6 Feedlot Runoff Control Systems; 6.1 Description; 6.2 Runoff Control Systems; 6.2.1 Description; 6.2.2 Clean Water Diversion; 6.2.3 Discharge Runoff Control; 6.2.4 Vegetative Filter Strips; 6.3 Summary; 7 Odors and Gases; 7.1 Odors: Origin and Nature; 7.2 Sources of Odors; 7.3 Odor Prevention; 7.3.1 Animal Nutrition Management; 7.3.2 Manure Treatment and Handling; 7.3.3 Waste Treatment Methods

7.3.4 Livestock Operations Management7.3.5 Summary; 7.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions; 8 Pathogens in Livestock Industries; 9 Livestock Waste Management Computer Software; 10 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Application of Natural Processes for Environmental Protection; 1 Aquaculture Treatment: Water Hyacinth System; 1.1 Description; 1.2 Applications; 1.3 Limitations; 1.4 Design Criteria; 1.5 Performance; 2 Aquaculture Treatment: Wetland System; 2.1 Description; 2.2 Constructed Wetlands; 2.3 Applications; 2.4 Limitations; 2.5 Design Criteria; 2.6 Performance; 3 Evapotranspiration System

3.1 Description3.2 Applications; 3.3 Limitations; 3.4 Design Criteria; 3.5 Performance; 3.6 Costs; 4 Land Treatment: Rapid Rate System; 4.1 Description; 4.2 Applications; 4.3 Limitations; 4.4 Design Criteria; 4.5 Performance; 4.6 Costs; 5 Land Treatment: Slow Rate System; 5.1 Description; 5.2 Applications; 5.3 Limitations; 5.4 Design Criteria; 5.5 Performance; 5.6 Costs; 6 Land Treatment: Overland Flow System; 6.1 Description; 6.2 Application; 6.3 Limitations; 6.4 Design Criteria; 6.5 Performance; 6.6 Costs; 7 Subsurface Infiltration; 7.1 Description; 7.2 Applications; 7.3 Limitations