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Preface; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Effects of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise on Coastal Water Resources; 1 Introduction; 2 Climate Change; 2.1 Climatic Models; 3 Climate Change and Sea Level Rise; 3.1 Past and Future Trends: Evidences from Instrumental and Proxy Records and Model Simulations; 3.2 Impacts of Sea Level Rise; 4 Global Climate Change and Coastal Water Resources; 4.1 A Global Perspective; 4.2 Climate Change and Impacts on Coastal Natural Systems; 4.2.1 Impacts on Surface Coastal Systems; 4.3 Groundwater and Climate Change
4.3.1 Water Issues that Affect Groundwater in Coastal Areas5 Coping with Climate Change/Sea Level Rise and Changing Water Resources in Coastal Areas; 5.1 Management Practices; 5.2 Mitigation; References; Chapter 2: Assessing Groundwater Pollution Risk in Response to Climate Change and Variability; 1 Introduction; 2 How Climate Change Affects Groundwater Quality; 2.1 Impacts of Climate Change on Groundwater Recharge; 2.2 Impacts of Land Use Change (LUC) on Groundwater Quality as a Result of Climate Change; 2.3 Shifts in Biogeochemical Processes; 2.4 Concentrated Paths; 3 Modeling Practices
4 Research and Policy Suggestions4.1 Research Limitations and Opportunities; 4.2 Policy Recommendations; 5 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Deficit Irrigation as a Strategy to Cope with Declining Groundwater Supplies: Experiences from Kansas; 1 Declining Groundwater Supplies in Kansas; 2 Irrigation Trends in Kansas; 3 Deficit Irrigation; 4 Deficit Irrigation Research for Corn in Kansas; 5 Adaptation of Crop Production to Water Limited Environments; 6 Decision Support Tools for Implementing Deficit Irrigation; 7 Conclusion; References
Chapter 4: Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater1 Introduction; 2 Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas Production: Shale, Coalbed Methane, and Tight Fracturing; 3 Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing Process; 3.1 Site Selection and Preparation; 3.2 Well Construction and Development; 3.2.1 Types of Wells; 3.2.2 Design and Construction of Production Wells; 3.3 Hydraulic Fracturing of Vertical, Horizontal and Multilateral Wells; 3.4 Well Production and Closure; 3.5 Cost of Production; 4 Potential Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing; 4.1 Water Use in Hydraulic Fracturing
4.2 Well Drilling and Production4.3 Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid; 4.4 Wastewater; 4.5 Surface Spills and Leaks; 5 Modeling Studies and Tools; 6 Regulations; 7 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Pharmaceuticals and Groundwater Resources; 1 Introduction; 2 Legal Framework; 3 Sources of Contamination and Pathways; 4 Pharmaceutical Compounds Investigated and Their Occurrence Across the World; 4.1 Africa; 4.2 Central and South America; 4.3 Asia; 4.4 North America; 4.5 Europe; 5 Conclusion; References
4.3.1 Water Issues that Affect Groundwater in Coastal Areas5 Coping with Climate Change/Sea Level Rise and Changing Water Resources in Coastal Areas; 5.1 Management Practices; 5.2 Mitigation; References; Chapter 2: Assessing Groundwater Pollution Risk in Response to Climate Change and Variability; 1 Introduction; 2 How Climate Change Affects Groundwater Quality; 2.1 Impacts of Climate Change on Groundwater Recharge; 2.2 Impacts of Land Use Change (LUC) on Groundwater Quality as a Result of Climate Change; 2.3 Shifts in Biogeochemical Processes; 2.4 Concentrated Paths; 3 Modeling Practices
4 Research and Policy Suggestions4.1 Research Limitations and Opportunities; 4.2 Policy Recommendations; 5 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Deficit Irrigation as a Strategy to Cope with Declining Groundwater Supplies: Experiences from Kansas; 1 Declining Groundwater Supplies in Kansas; 2 Irrigation Trends in Kansas; 3 Deficit Irrigation; 4 Deficit Irrigation Research for Corn in Kansas; 5 Adaptation of Crop Production to Water Limited Environments; 6 Decision Support Tools for Implementing Deficit Irrigation; 7 Conclusion; References
Chapter 4: Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater1 Introduction; 2 Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas Production: Shale, Coalbed Methane, and Tight Fracturing; 3 Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing Process; 3.1 Site Selection and Preparation; 3.2 Well Construction and Development; 3.2.1 Types of Wells; 3.2.2 Design and Construction of Production Wells; 3.3 Hydraulic Fracturing of Vertical, Horizontal and Multilateral Wells; 3.4 Well Production and Closure; 3.5 Cost of Production; 4 Potential Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing; 4.1 Water Use in Hydraulic Fracturing
4.2 Well Drilling and Production4.3 Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid; 4.4 Wastewater; 4.5 Surface Spills and Leaks; 5 Modeling Studies and Tools; 6 Regulations; 7 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Pharmaceuticals and Groundwater Resources; 1 Introduction; 2 Legal Framework; 3 Sources of Contamination and Pathways; 4 Pharmaceutical Compounds Investigated and Their Occurrence Across the World; 4.1 Africa; 4.2 Central and South America; 4.3 Asia; 4.4 North America; 4.5 Europe; 5 Conclusion; References