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Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; About the Author; 1 Physical, Chemical and Nuclear Properties of Radon: An Introduction; 1.1 Discovery of Radon; 1.2 Properties of Radon; 1.2.1 Chemical Property; 1.2.2 Sorption Behavior of Radon; 1.2.3 Partitioning of Radon Between Gas and Aqueous Phases; 1.2.4 Physical Properties of Radon; 1.2.5 Diffusion of Radon; 1.3 Decay Products of 222Rn; 1.4 Units of Radioactivity; 1.5 A Synopsis of the Applications of Radon; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Radon Measurement Techniques; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Techniques for Measuring Radon
2.2.1 Grab Sampling Methods2.2.1.1 Air Samples; 2.2.1.2 Soil Air Samples; 2.2.1.3 Water Samples; 2.2.1.4 Lucas Cell Method of Measurement; 2.2.1.5 Comparison of Grab Sample Analysis Versus RAD7-Based Method; 2.2.1.6 Calibration, Quality Control, Precision and Accuracy; 2.2.2 Radon Analysis of Surface Water Samples Using RAD7; 2.2.3 Integration Radon Monitors; 2.2.4 Continuous Monitors; 2.2.5 Analysis of 222Rn Using Its Progeny; 2.2.5.1 Determination of 222Rn Using Its Progeny in a Solid Surface-Barrier Detector; 2.2.5.2 Determination of 222Rn Using Electret
2.2.5.3 Determination of 222Rn Using Beta Counter2.2.5.4 Radon Measurements Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry; 2.2.5.5 Radon Measurements Based on Direct Progeny Monitoring Technique; 2.2.6 Indoor Radon Measurements; 2.2.7 Identification of Entry Points of Radon Inside Buildings Using RAD7; 2.2.8 Summary and Future Direction; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Mechanisms of Radon Emanation and Long-Term Radon Flux Studies; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Comparison of Recoil Length to Diffusion Length for 222Rn; 3.3 Radon Emanation Rates from Earth's Surface; 3.3.1 Radon Diffusive Transport in Soil Pores
3.3.2 Diffusive Flux into the Atmosphere3.4 Mechanisms of and Factors Affecting Radon Release Rates; 3.4.1 Mechanisms of Radon Release from Mineral Grains; 3.4.2 Factors that Affect Radon Emanation Rates in the Environment; 3.4.2.1 Radium Distribution and Granulometric Parameters; 3.4.2.2 Effects of Moisture Content and Mineralogy on Radon Emanation Coefficient; 3.4.2.3 Effect of Temperature on Radon Emanation Coefficients; 3.4.2.4 Effect of Pressure on Radon Emanation Coefficients; 3.4.3 Radon in Emanation in Lunar Surface; 3.4.4 Methods of Radon Flux Measurements
3.4.5 Radon Flux from Soils Using Terrestrial Gamma Radiation3.4.6 Radon Ocean Flux Density; 3.4.7 Radon Flux Studies from Continents; 3.4.8 210Pb Inventory-Based Long-Term Global 222Rn Flux Estimate and Its Limitation; 3.5 Global Radon Emanation Rate Curve; 3.6 Summary and Future Research Direction; Acknowledgments; References; 4 Radon: A Tracer for Atmospheric Studies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 222Rn Activity Variations in the Planetary Boundary Layer; 4.2.1 222Rn Activity Variations in the PBL Above Land; 4.2.2 222Rn Activity Variations in the PBL Above Ocean
2.2.1 Grab Sampling Methods2.2.1.1 Air Samples; 2.2.1.2 Soil Air Samples; 2.2.1.3 Water Samples; 2.2.1.4 Lucas Cell Method of Measurement; 2.2.1.5 Comparison of Grab Sample Analysis Versus RAD7-Based Method; 2.2.1.6 Calibration, Quality Control, Precision and Accuracy; 2.2.2 Radon Analysis of Surface Water Samples Using RAD7; 2.2.3 Integration Radon Monitors; 2.2.4 Continuous Monitors; 2.2.5 Analysis of 222Rn Using Its Progeny; 2.2.5.1 Determination of 222Rn Using Its Progeny in a Solid Surface-Barrier Detector; 2.2.5.2 Determination of 222Rn Using Electret
2.2.5.3 Determination of 222Rn Using Beta Counter2.2.5.4 Radon Measurements Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry; 2.2.5.5 Radon Measurements Based on Direct Progeny Monitoring Technique; 2.2.6 Indoor Radon Measurements; 2.2.7 Identification of Entry Points of Radon Inside Buildings Using RAD7; 2.2.8 Summary and Future Direction; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Mechanisms of Radon Emanation and Long-Term Radon Flux Studies; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Comparison of Recoil Length to Diffusion Length for 222Rn; 3.3 Radon Emanation Rates from Earth's Surface; 3.3.1 Radon Diffusive Transport in Soil Pores
3.3.2 Diffusive Flux into the Atmosphere3.4 Mechanisms of and Factors Affecting Radon Release Rates; 3.4.1 Mechanisms of Radon Release from Mineral Grains; 3.4.2 Factors that Affect Radon Emanation Rates in the Environment; 3.4.2.1 Radium Distribution and Granulometric Parameters; 3.4.2.2 Effects of Moisture Content and Mineralogy on Radon Emanation Coefficient; 3.4.2.3 Effect of Temperature on Radon Emanation Coefficients; 3.4.2.4 Effect of Pressure on Radon Emanation Coefficients; 3.4.3 Radon in Emanation in Lunar Surface; 3.4.4 Methods of Radon Flux Measurements
3.4.5 Radon Flux from Soils Using Terrestrial Gamma Radiation3.4.6 Radon Ocean Flux Density; 3.4.7 Radon Flux Studies from Continents; 3.4.8 210Pb Inventory-Based Long-Term Global 222Rn Flux Estimate and Its Limitation; 3.5 Global Radon Emanation Rate Curve; 3.6 Summary and Future Research Direction; Acknowledgments; References; 4 Radon: A Tracer for Atmospheric Studies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 222Rn Activity Variations in the Planetary Boundary Layer; 4.2.1 222Rn Activity Variations in the PBL Above Land; 4.2.2 222Rn Activity Variations in the PBL Above Ocean