Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; References; 2 Energetic Efficiency of Vehicles Equipped with Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems; 2.1 The Hybrid Drive System; 2.2 Classification of Hybrid Drive Systems; 2.3 The Electric Drive System; 2.4 Classification of Electric Drive Systems; References; 3 Development and Implementation of the Hybrid and Electric Systems Architecture Through Methods of Numerical Analysis; 3.1 Mathematical Modeling of the Configuration Used in the Simulation Process; 3.1.1 Equations of the Vehicle Element

3.1.2 Equations of the Clutch Element3.1.3 Equations of the Gearbox Element; 3.1.4 Equations for the Final Drive Element; 3.1.5 Equations of the Differential Element; 3.1.6 Equations of the IC Engine Element; 3.1.7 Equations of the E-Machine (Generator) Element; 3.1.8 Equations of the E-Machine (Motor) Element; 3.1.9 Equations of the Battery Element; 3.1.10 Equations of the GB Control Element; 3.1.11 Equations of the GB Program Element; 3.1.12 Equations of the Wheel Element; 3.2 Algorithm of the Simulation Process; 3.3 Simulation for the Classic Bus Model in AVL CRUISE

3.4 Simulation for the Hybrid Bus Model in AVL CRUISE3.5 Simulation for the Electric Bus Model in AVL CRUISE; References; 4 Study Case: Comparative Analysis Regarding the Buses Used for Urban Public Transportation for People Within Cluj-Napoca Municipality; 4.1 Present Situation of the Urban Public Transportation System in Cluj-Napoca; 4.2 Comparative Analysis of the Types of Buses in Operation; 4.3 Selection of Bus Operating Routes for Public Transport; References; 5 Virtual Infrastructure Design of the Routes Used in Computer Simulations; 5.1 The AVL Road Importer

5.2 Generating the Routes Selected for Urban Public Transportation for People5.3 The IPGRoad; 5.4 Parameterization of Vehicle Movement; References; 6 Design of Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems in the IPG TruckMaker Software Application; 6.1 The IPG TruckMaker Application; 6.2 Designing a Vehicle in the IPG TruckMaker Application; 6.3 Vehicle Models Generated for Co-simulation; References; 7 Co-simulation of Buses Equipped with Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems; 7.1 Development of Co-simulation Models CRUISE-TruckMaker; 7.2 Computer Simulation for the Developed Models

7.3 Evaluation of the Energetic Efficiency of the Simulated Drive SystemsReferences; 8 Comparative Evaluation for Using Hybrid and Electric Drive Systems in Urban Transportation with Buses; 8.1 Analysis of the Developed Algorithm Related to Urban Routes; 8.2 Results for Buses Equipped with a Classic Drive System; 8.3 Results for Buses Equipped with a Hybrid Drive System; 8.4 Results for Buses Equipped with an Electric Drive System; References; 9 Conclusions