1 Lung Cancer Screening; Abstract; 1 Why Screen for Lung Cancer?; 2 Screening with Chest X-Ray and Sputum Cytologic Studies; 3 Screening with Low-Dose CT of the Chest; 4 Benefits and Risks of LDCT Screening; 5 Guidelines for LDCT Screening; 6 Conclusions; References; 2 Diagnosis and Molecular Classification of Lung Cancer; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Histological Classification of NSCLC; 2.1 Adenocarcinoma (ADC); 2.2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SqCC); 2.3 Large-Cell Lung Carcinoma (LCLC); 3 Molecular Alterations of NSCLC; 3.1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

3.2 Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)3.3 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2); 3.4 ROS Proto-Oncogene 1, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (ROS); 3.5 Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET); 3.6 NTRK1 (TrkA) Fusions; 3.7 MET; 3.8 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS); 3.9 B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase (BRAF); 3.10 Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog (NRAS); 3.11 v-AKT Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 (AKT1); 3.12 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAP2K1); 3.13 Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase, Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA)

4 Diagnostic and Molecular Testing of NSCLC4.1 Pathological Diagnosis of NSCLC; 4.1.1 Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1); 4.1.2 p40; 4.1.3 Mucicarmin; 4.2 Molecular Testing of NSCLC; 5 Future Directions: Immunotherapy Revolution and Its Integration with Lung Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy; 6 Conclusions; References; 3 Lung Cancer Staging and Prognosis; Abstract; 1 Lung Cancer Overview; 2 Lung Cancer Staging; 2.1 History of Lung Cancer Staging; 2.2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Staging; 2.2.1 IALSC NSCLC TNM Descriptors; 2.2.2 Synchronous Tumor Nodules; 2.3 Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor Staging

2.4 Small Cell Lung Cancer Staging3 Prognosis; 3.1 Stage-Based Survival Outcomes; 3.2 Clinical and Demographic Prognostication; 3.3 Biomarkers and Genetic Prognostic Indicators; 3.4 Predictive Biomarkers; 3.5 Immunotherapy and Prognosis; 3.6 The Future of NSCLC Prognostication; References; 4 Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Preoperative Evaluation; 2.1 Radiographic Staging; 2.2 Tissue Diagnosis; 2.3 Physiologic Pulmonary Evaluation; 2.4 Cardiac Evaluation; 2.5 Mediastinal Staging; 3 Surgery and Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC); 4 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

4.1 Stage IA4.2 Stage IB; 4.3 Stage IIB; 4.4 Stage III NSCLC; 4.4.1 Stage IIIA (e.g., T3N1/T4N1); 4.4.2 Stage IIIA with N2 Disease; 4.5 Stage IIIB and IV NSCLC; 4.6 Special Situations; 4.6.1 Extended Resections; 4.6.2 Synchronous NSCLC; 4.6.3 Oligometastatic Disease; 5 Surgical Options and Approaches; 5.1 Types of Incisions; 5.2 Types of Surgical Resection; 5.2.1 Wedge Resection; 5.2.2 Segmentectomy; 5.2.3 Lobectomy; 5.2.4 Pneumonectomy; 5.2.5 Sleeve Resections; 5.2.6 Carinal Resection; 6 Summary; Bibliography; 5 Treatment: Radiation Therapy; Abstract; 1 Stage I-II Disease