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Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; Symbols; Abstract; 1 Triboelectrification; 1.1 Nano Energy and Mega Energy; 1.2 Triboelectric Effect; 1.3 Quantification of Triboelectrification; 1.4 Materials for Triboelectrification; 1.5 Van de Graaff Generator; 1.6 Triboelectric Nanogenerators; 1.6.1 Vertical Contact-Separation Mode; 1.6.2 Lateral Sliding Mode; 1.6.3 Single-Electrode Mode; 1.6.4 Freestanding Triboelectric-Layer Mode; 1.7 Perspectives; References; Fundamental Operation Modes; 2 Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Vertical Contact-Separation Mode; 2.1 Basic Principle; 2.2 Fundamental Theory
2.3 Basic Device Structures2.3.1 Spacer Structure; 2.3.2 Arch-Shaped Structure; 2.3.3 Spring-Assisted Separation Structure; 2.3.4 Multiple Layer Integration; 2.3.5 Microcavity-Nanoparticle Assembled Structure; 2.4 Summary; References; 3 Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Lateral Sliding Mode; 3.1 Basic Principle; 3.2 Fundamental Theory; 3.2.1 Sliding-Mode TENG with Only One Unit; 3.2.2 Grating TENGs; 3.2.2.1 Grating Structure with Equal-Length Plates; Influence of Electrode Structure; Influence of Number of Grating Units; 3.2.2.2 Grating Structure with Unequal-Length Plates
Influence of Dielectric ThicknessInfluence of Number of Grating Units; 3.3 Basic Device Structures; 3.3.1 Plain-Sliding Structure; 3.3.2 Linear-Grating Structure; 3.3.3 Rotation-Disk Structure; 3.3.4 Rotation-Cylinder Structure; 3.3.5 Case-Encapsulated Structure; 3.3.6 Liquid-Metal Structure; 3.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency; 3.4.1 Solid-Solid; 3.4.2 Solid-Liquid; 3.5 Summary; References; 4 Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Single-Electrode Mode; 4.1 Basic Principle; 4.2 Fundamental Theory; 4.2.1 Basic Working Principle and Electrostatic Shield Effect; 4.2.2 Effect of Electrode Gap Distance
4.2.3 Effect of Area Size (Length)4.2.4 Effect of Spacing Between Units for Scale up; 4.3 Basic Device Structures; 4.3.1 Contact-Separation Structure; 4.3.2 Lateral Sliding Structure; 4.4 Summary; References; 5 Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Freestanding Triboelectric-Layer Mode; 5.1 Sliding Freestanding Triboelectric-Layer TENG; 5.1.1 Basic Principle; 5.1.2 Fundamental Theory; 5.2 Contact Freestanding Triboelectric-Layer TENG; 5.2.1 Basic Principle; 5.2.2 Fundamental Theory; 5.3 Advanced Device Structures; 5.3.1 Linear-Grating Structure; 5.3.2 Rotation-Disk Structure I
5.3.3 Rotation-Disk Structure II5.4 Rolling Friction Operation Mode; 5.5 Energy Conversion Efficiency; 5.6 Summary; References; 6 Theoretical Modeling of Triboelectric Nanogenerators; 6.1 Inherent Capacitive Behavior and Governing Equations: V-Q-x Relationship; 6.2 First-Order Lumped-Parameter Equivalent Circuit Model; 6.3 Charge Reference State; 6.3.1 Influence of Charge Reference State on the Intrinsic Characteristics of TENGs; 6.3.2 Influence of Charge Reference State on the Output Characteristics of TENGs; 6.3.3 Typical Charge Reference States; 6.4 Resistive Load Characteristics
2.3 Basic Device Structures2.3.1 Spacer Structure; 2.3.2 Arch-Shaped Structure; 2.3.3 Spring-Assisted Separation Structure; 2.3.4 Multiple Layer Integration; 2.3.5 Microcavity-Nanoparticle Assembled Structure; 2.4 Summary; References; 3 Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Lateral Sliding Mode; 3.1 Basic Principle; 3.2 Fundamental Theory; 3.2.1 Sliding-Mode TENG with Only One Unit; 3.2.2 Grating TENGs; 3.2.2.1 Grating Structure with Equal-Length Plates; Influence of Electrode Structure; Influence of Number of Grating Units; 3.2.2.2 Grating Structure with Unequal-Length Plates
Influence of Dielectric ThicknessInfluence of Number of Grating Units; 3.3 Basic Device Structures; 3.3.1 Plain-Sliding Structure; 3.3.2 Linear-Grating Structure; 3.3.3 Rotation-Disk Structure; 3.3.4 Rotation-Cylinder Structure; 3.3.5 Case-Encapsulated Structure; 3.3.6 Liquid-Metal Structure; 3.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency; 3.4.1 Solid-Solid; 3.4.2 Solid-Liquid; 3.5 Summary; References; 4 Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Single-Electrode Mode; 4.1 Basic Principle; 4.2 Fundamental Theory; 4.2.1 Basic Working Principle and Electrostatic Shield Effect; 4.2.2 Effect of Electrode Gap Distance
4.2.3 Effect of Area Size (Length)4.2.4 Effect of Spacing Between Units for Scale up; 4.3 Basic Device Structures; 4.3.1 Contact-Separation Structure; 4.3.2 Lateral Sliding Structure; 4.4 Summary; References; 5 Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Freestanding Triboelectric-Layer Mode; 5.1 Sliding Freestanding Triboelectric-Layer TENG; 5.1.1 Basic Principle; 5.1.2 Fundamental Theory; 5.2 Contact Freestanding Triboelectric-Layer TENG; 5.2.1 Basic Principle; 5.2.2 Fundamental Theory; 5.3 Advanced Device Structures; 5.3.1 Linear-Grating Structure; 5.3.2 Rotation-Disk Structure I
5.3.3 Rotation-Disk Structure II5.4 Rolling Friction Operation Mode; 5.5 Energy Conversion Efficiency; 5.6 Summary; References; 6 Theoretical Modeling of Triboelectric Nanogenerators; 6.1 Inherent Capacitive Behavior and Governing Equations: V-Q-x Relationship; 6.2 First-Order Lumped-Parameter Equivalent Circuit Model; 6.3 Charge Reference State; 6.3.1 Influence of Charge Reference State on the Intrinsic Characteristics of TENGs; 6.3.2 Influence of Charge Reference State on the Output Characteristics of TENGs; 6.3.3 Typical Charge Reference States; 6.4 Resistive Load Characteristics