Preface; Contents; Part I: Detection of d-Amino Acids; Chapter 1: Determination of d-Amino Acids and Their Distribution in Mammals; 1.1 Determination of d-Amino Acids in Biological Samples; 1.1.1 Colorimetric Analysis Using Enzymes and Antibodies; 1.1.2 GC Methods for the Determination of d-Amino Acids; 1.1.3 HPCE Methods for the Determination of d-Amino Acids; 1.1.4 HPLC Methods for the Determination of d-Amino Acids; 1.1.5 Two-Dimensional HPLC Determination of d-Amino Acids; 1.2 Distribution of d-Amino Acids in Mammals; 1.2.1 Distribution of d-Ser; 1.2.2 Distribution of d-Asp

1.2.3 Distribution of d-Ala1.2.4 Other d-Amino Acids Observed in Mammals; 1.3 Closing Remarks; References; Part II: Physiological Functions and Pathophysiology of d-Serine; Chapter 2: Overview; References; Chapter 3: Physiological Roles of d-Serine in the Central Nervous System; 3.1 The NMDA Receptors; 3.1.1 Structure and Subunit Diversity of NMDARs in the CNS; 3.1.2 NMDARs and the Glycine Modulatory Binding Site; 3.2 Astrocytes and Neurons Use Different Pathways to Release d-Serine; 3.2.1 d-Serine: Glial and Neuronal

3.2.2 Cell-Type-Specific Mechanisms of Release: Exocytosis Versus Hetero-exchange3.3 Functions of d-Serine: From Development to Cognition; 3.3.1 Role of d-Serine in the Adult Brain; 3.3.2 Role of d-Serine in the Developing Brain; 3.3.3 Role of d-Serine in Cognition and Healthy Aging; 3.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Behaviors of Mutant Mice Lacking d-Amino-Acid Oxidase Activity; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 d-Amino-Acid Oxidase (DAO); 4.3 d-Serine and NMDA Receptors; 4.4 Mutant Mice Lacking DAO; 4.5 Properties of Mutant Mice Lacking DAO Activity

4.6 Behaviors of Mutant Mice Lacking DAO Activity4.6.1 Locomotor Activity; 4.6.2 Novel Object Test; 4.6.3 Spatial and Nonspatial Object Recognition Test; 4.6.4 Social Interaction Test; 4.6.5 Morris Water Maze; 4.6.6 Barnes Maze; 4.6.7 24-h Inhibitory Avoidance Test; 4.6.8 Novelty-Suppressed Feeding Test; 4.6.9 Contextual Fear-Conditioning Test; 4.6.10 Open-Field Test; 4.6.11 Elevated Plus Maze; 4.6.12 Acoustic Startle; 4.6.13 Prepulse Inhibition (PPI); 4.6.14 Tail-Flick Test; 4.6.15 Hot-Plate Test; 4.6.16 Formalin Test; 4.6.17 Acetic Acid-Induced Writhing Test

4.7 Responses to Inhibitors and Psychotropics4.7.1 Phencyclidine, a Noncompetitive Inhibitor of NMDAR; 4.7.2 MK-801, a Noncompetitive Inhibitor of NMDAR; 4.7.3 SDZ 220-581, a Competitive NMDAR Antagonist; 4.7.4 L-701,324, an Antagonist to NMDAR Co-agonist-Binding Site; 4.7.5 Harmaline, a Psychoactive Alkaloid; 4.7.6 Methamphetamine, a Psychostimulant; 4.8 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Physiological Functions of d-Serine Mediated Through delta2 Glutamate Receptors in the Cerebellum; 5.1 d-Serine in the Cerebellum; 5.2 delta2 Glutamate Receptor: A New d-Ser Binding Receptor