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Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Mediating Assessment Innovation: Why Stakeholder Perspectives Matter; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Background: The Importance of Interaction in Foreign Languages Pedagogy; 1.2.1 Communicative Language Teaching; 1.2.2 Communicative Language Testing; 1.3 Curriculum and Assessment Reforms in New Zealand; 1.3.1 Overview; 1.3.2 Implementing Assessment Reform: A Risky Business; 1.4 Assessment Validation; 1.4.1 Fundamental Considerations; 1.4.2 The Contribution of Assessment Score Evidence to a Validity Argument
1.4.3 The Limitations of Assessment Score Evidence to a Validity Argument1.4.4 Towards a Broader Understanding of Assessment Validation; 1.4.5 A Qualitative Perspective on Assessment Validation; 1.5 The Structure of This Book; 1.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Assessing Spoken Proficiency: What Are the Issues?; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 What Does It Mean to Communicate Proficiently?; 2.2.1 Communicative Competence as the Underlying Theoretical Framework; 2.2.2 Developing the Framework of Communicative Competence; 2.3 Static or Dynamic; 2.3.1 The Static Assessment Paradigm
2.3.2 The Dynamic Assessment Paradigm2.3.3 Static or Dynamic - A Complex Relationship; 2.4 Task-Based or Construct Based; 2.4.1 The Centrality of the Task; 2.4.2 The Importance of the Construct; 2.5 Single or Paired Performances; 2.5.1 Single Performance Assessments; 2.5.2 Paired/Group Performance Assessments; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Introducing a New Assessment of Spoken Proficiency: Interact; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The New Zealand Landscape for Assessment - A Shifting Environment; 3.2.1 The 1990s: A Mismatch Between Curricular Aims and High-Stakes Assessment
3.2.2 The NCEA System: The Beginnings of Reform3.2.3 The Impact of Assessment Mismatch on FL Programmes; 3.2.4 The NCEA for Languages - 2002-2010; 3.3 Towards a Learner-Centred Model for High-Stakes Assessment; 3.3.1 2007: The Advent of a New Curriculum; 3.3.2 NCEA Mark II; 3.4 Revising the Assessments for Languages; 3.4.1 2008: The First SCALEs Meeting; 3.4.2 2009: The Second SCALEs Meeting; 3.4.3 2010: A Further Opportunity to Confirm the New Assessments; 3.4.4 2011 Onwards: Support for the Implementation of Interact; 3.5 Conclusion; References
Chapter 4: Investigating Stakeholder Perspectives on Interact4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Bachman and Palmer's Test Usefulness Framework; 4.2.1 Construct Validity and Reliability; 4.2.2 Interactiveness, Impact, Practicality and Authenticity; 4.3 2011 Onwards: Interact in Practice; 4.4 The Theoretical Usefulness of Interact; 4.5 A Study into Teachers' and Students' Views; 4.6 Study Stage I; 4.6.1 Nationwide Teacher Survey; 4.6.2 Piloting the Teacher Survey; 4.6.3 Administering the Main Survey; 4.6.4 Teacher Interviews; 4.7 Stage II; 4.7.1 Teacher Interviews; 4.7.2 Student Surveys; 4.8 Conclusion
1.4.3 The Limitations of Assessment Score Evidence to a Validity Argument1.4.4 Towards a Broader Understanding of Assessment Validation; 1.4.5 A Qualitative Perspective on Assessment Validation; 1.5 The Structure of This Book; 1.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Assessing Spoken Proficiency: What Are the Issues?; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 What Does It Mean to Communicate Proficiently?; 2.2.1 Communicative Competence as the Underlying Theoretical Framework; 2.2.2 Developing the Framework of Communicative Competence; 2.3 Static or Dynamic; 2.3.1 The Static Assessment Paradigm
2.3.2 The Dynamic Assessment Paradigm2.3.3 Static or Dynamic - A Complex Relationship; 2.4 Task-Based or Construct Based; 2.4.1 The Centrality of the Task; 2.4.2 The Importance of the Construct; 2.5 Single or Paired Performances; 2.5.1 Single Performance Assessments; 2.5.2 Paired/Group Performance Assessments; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Introducing a New Assessment of Spoken Proficiency: Interact; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The New Zealand Landscape for Assessment - A Shifting Environment; 3.2.1 The 1990s: A Mismatch Between Curricular Aims and High-Stakes Assessment
3.2.2 The NCEA System: The Beginnings of Reform3.2.3 The Impact of Assessment Mismatch on FL Programmes; 3.2.4 The NCEA for Languages - 2002-2010; 3.3 Towards a Learner-Centred Model for High-Stakes Assessment; 3.3.1 2007: The Advent of a New Curriculum; 3.3.2 NCEA Mark II; 3.4 Revising the Assessments for Languages; 3.4.1 2008: The First SCALEs Meeting; 3.4.2 2009: The Second SCALEs Meeting; 3.4.3 2010: A Further Opportunity to Confirm the New Assessments; 3.4.4 2011 Onwards: Support for the Implementation of Interact; 3.5 Conclusion; References
Chapter 4: Investigating Stakeholder Perspectives on Interact4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Bachman and Palmer's Test Usefulness Framework; 4.2.1 Construct Validity and Reliability; 4.2.2 Interactiveness, Impact, Practicality and Authenticity; 4.3 2011 Onwards: Interact in Practice; 4.4 The Theoretical Usefulness of Interact; 4.5 A Study into Teachers' and Students' Views; 4.6 Study Stage I; 4.6.1 Nationwide Teacher Survey; 4.6.2 Piloting the Teacher Survey; 4.6.3 Administering the Main Survey; 4.6.4 Teacher Interviews; 4.7 Stage II; 4.7.1 Teacher Interviews; 4.7.2 Student Surveys; 4.8 Conclusion