Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction: The Biodemography of Complex Relationships Among Aging, Health, and Longevity; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Frailty Models; 1.1.2 Biodemographic Ideas in Genetic Analyses of Human Longevity; 1.1.3 Evolution of Aging, Health, and Mortality: Many Open Questions; 1.1.4 Strehler and Mildvanś Model of Aging and Mortality; 1.1.5 Historical Roots of the Stochastic Process Model; 1.2 Information on Aging, Health, and Longevity from Available Data: Part I

1.3 Statistical Modeling and Other Advanced Methods of Analyzing Data on Aging, Health, and Longevity: Part II1.4 Conclusion; References; Part I: Information on Aging, Health, and Longevity from Available Data; Chapter 2: Age Trajectories of Physiological Indices: Which Factors Influence Them?; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Data: The Framingham Heart Study (FHS); 2.3 Methods; 2.4 Results; 2.4.1 Average Age Trajectories of Physiological Variables; 2.4.2 Age Trajectories of Standard Deviations (SD) of Physiological Variables

2.4.3 Age Patterns of Survival and Physiological Variables for Smokers and Non-smokers2.4.4 Effects of Education on Survival and Average Age Trajectories of Physiological Indices; 2.4.5 Age Trajectories of Long Lived (LL) and Short Lived (SL) Individuals; 2.4.6 Effects of Disease on Dynamic Properties of Physiological Indices; 2.4.7 Effects of Genetic Dose on Age Patterns of Physiological Indices; 2.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Health Effects and Medicare Trajectories: Population-Based Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality Patterns; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Data and Methods

3.2.1 Data: SEER-M and NLTCS-M3.2.2 Definitions of Dates of DiseaseOnset and Dates of Recovery/Remission; 3.3 Results; 3.3.1 Age Patterns of Age-Associated Disease Incidence; 3.3.2 Incidence Rates: Comparisons with Other Studies; 3.3.2.1 Cancer; 3.3.2.2 Heart Diseases and Stroke; 3.3.2.3 Diabetes; 3.3.2.4 Asthma; 3.3.2.5 Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDD); 3.3.3 Age-Adjusted Rates: Gender Disparities, Time Trends, and Sensitivity Analysis; 3.3.3.1 Sensitivity Analysis; 3.3.4 Disability and Comorbidity Patterns of Incidence Rates; 3.3.5 Mortality Age Patterns and Medicare Data

3.3.6 Recovery or Long-Term Remission3.3.7 Risk Factors for Disease Incidence; 3.3.8 Mutual Dependence in Disease Risks: Age-Patterns; 3.3.9 Comorbidity and Multimorbidity; 3.3.10 Predictive Population Models; 3.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Evidence for Dependence Among Diseases; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Data and Methods; 4.3 Results; 4.3.1 Empirical Analyses Reveal Negative Correlations among Major Causes of Death; 4.3.2 A Dependent Competing Risk Model Capturing Negative Correlations Between Causes of Death; 4.4 Discussion; 4.4.1 Evidence of Trade-Offs Between Cancer and Aging