Preface; Contents; Part I: The Right to Silence in Context; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 A Problem of Balance; 1.2 The Right to Silence and the Right Against Self-Incrimination; 1.2.1 Protecting the Right to Choose to Speak or to Remain Silence; 1.2.2 The Right to Withhold Self-Incriminating Information as a Part of the Right to Silence; 1.2.3 The Right to Silence and the Criminal Justice Process; 1.3 Methodology; 1.3.1 Comparative Analysis Based on the Functional Method; 1.3.2 The Human Rights Frameworks and Systems of Law Under Comparison; 1.3.3 Legal Sources and Interpretation

1.3.3.1 National Sources of Law1.3.3.2 International Sources of Law; 1.3.3.2.1 General Principles About International Sources of Law; 1.3.3.2.2 The Interpretation of Treaties in International Law; 1.3.3.3 International Sources of Law in the National Setting; 1.3.3.4 Other Material Sources of Law; 1.3.4 Scope of the Research; 1.3.5 Terminology; 1.3.5.1 Effectiveness; 1.3.5.2 Fairness; 1.3.5.3 Adversarial and Accusatorial Trials; 1.3.5.4 Irregular Evidence; 1.3.5.5 Admissibility and Cross-Admissibility; 1.3.5.6 Charging and `Sigtelsé

1.4 The Importance of the Right to Silence in Transnational CasesAppendix; References; Chapter 2: Development of the Right to Silence in International Human Rights Law; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Fair Trial Rights and the Right to Silence Under the ICCPR; 2.2.1 The ICCPR Framework; 2.2.1.1 The Development of Legally Binding Fair Trial Rights Under the ICCPR; 2.2.1.2 Implementation and Enforcement of the ICCPR; 2.2.1.3 Other International Treaties and Sources of Fair Trial Rights; 2.2.2 The Scope of the Right to Silence Under the ICCPR

2.2.2.1 Commentary of the HR Committee as a Primary Source of Law2.2.2.2 Police Questioning and the Right to Silence; 2.2.2.2.1 Do Fair Trial Rights Apply to Pre-Trial Procedures Under the ICCPR?; 2.2.2.2.2 Access to Legal Representation; 2.2.2.2.3 Recording of Police Interviews; 2.2.2.3 A Lack of Minimum Standards About the Right to Silence Beyond Police Questioning; 2.3 A Fair Trial and the Right to Silence Under the ECHR; 2.3.1 The ECHR: A Regional Framework for Human Rights Protection; 2.3.1.1 The Development of the Right to a Fair Trial Under the ECHR

2.3.1.2 Interpretation of the ECHR by the ECtHR2.3.1.3 Application of the ECHR in National Law; 2.3.1.3.1 Implementation of the ECHR in Denmark and England; 2.3.1.3.2 Enforcement of the ECHR Frameworkś Minimum Standards; 2.3.1.4 Reinforcement of the ECHR by the EU Legislative Framework; 2.3.1.4.1 General Principles About EU Sources of Law; 2.3.1.4.2 Fair Trial Rights Prior to the 2009 Lisbon Treaty; 2.3.1.4.3 Fair Trial Rights in EU Law Post-Lisbon; 2.3.1.4.4 The Right to a Fair Trial in Articles 47 and 48 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights