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Table of Contents
Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 General Geology and Geophysics; 3 Paleo-environments and Changing Climates During Gondwana Times; 4 Igneous Processes and Mantle Dynamics; 5 Cape-Karoo Life: Evolution from Fish to Dinosaurs; 6. Structure and Tectonics; 7. Landscapes, Sculpturing, and Erosion Rates; 8. Neotectonics, Microseismicity, and Fluid Induced Earthquakes; 9. Conclusion; References; Acknowledgements; Contents; Subsurface Geology and Geophysics; 1 Deep Borehole Lithostratigraphy and Basin Structure of the Southern Karoo Basin Re-Visited; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Cape and Karoo Supergroups1.3 New Borehole Analysis; 1.3.1 Rocks and Facies Description; 1.3.2 Paleo-Environment Interpretations and Sequences Correlation; 1.3.3 Basin Structure and Geometry of Dolerite Intrusions; 1.4 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Seismic Imaging of Dolerite Sills in the Karoo Basin, with Implications for Shale Gas Potential; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Seismic Data; 2.2.1 SOEKOR Data; 2.2.2 Anglo-American Seismic Data; 2.3 Methods; 2.3.1 SOEKOR Data; 2.3.2 Anglo-American Data; 2.4 Results and Discussion; 2.4.1 Dykes and Hydrothermal Vents
2.4.2 Saucer-Shaped Sills2.4.3 Large Sills and Inclined Sheets; 2.5 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Ambient Noise Tomography (Passive Seismic) to Image the Cape-Karoo Transition Near Jansenville, Eastern Cape; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Ambient Noise Tomography; 3.2.1 Experimental Setup and Data Processing; 3.2.2 Results and Interpretations; 3.3 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Structural Geology
4 New Structural Data and U/Pb Dates from the Gamtoos Complex and Lowermost Cape Supergroup of the Eastern Cape Fold Belt, in Support of a Southward Paleo-Subduction PolarityAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Tectonic Setting; 4.3 New Field Observations Along the Western Coast of Port Elizabeth; 4.3.1 Lithostratigraphy and Structure; 4.4 New U-Pb Zircon Geochronology; 4.4.1 Detrital Zircon Dates; 4.4.2 Igneous Zircon Dates; 4.4.3 Discussion on the Maximum Age of Deformation and Its Role in the Gondwanide Orogen; 4.5 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References
5 An Overview of Cape Fold Belt Geochronology: Implications for Sediment Provenance and the Timing of OrogenesisAbstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Geological Setting; 5.3 Detrital Zircon Geochronology in the CFB; 5.4 Previous 40Ar/39Ar Constraints on the Timing of CFB Deformation; 5.5 New High Precision 40Ar/39Ar Dates for CFB; 5.5.1 Sampling and Methodology; 5.5.2 40Ar/39Ar Results; 5.5.3 Discussion; 5.6 Conclusions; 5.7 Challenges for the Future; Acknowledgments; Magmatism and Metamorphism
1.2 The Cape and Karoo Supergroups1.3 New Borehole Analysis; 1.3.1 Rocks and Facies Description; 1.3.2 Paleo-Environment Interpretations and Sequences Correlation; 1.3.3 Basin Structure and Geometry of Dolerite Intrusions; 1.4 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Seismic Imaging of Dolerite Sills in the Karoo Basin, with Implications for Shale Gas Potential; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Seismic Data; 2.2.1 SOEKOR Data; 2.2.2 Anglo-American Seismic Data; 2.3 Methods; 2.3.1 SOEKOR Data; 2.3.2 Anglo-American Data; 2.4 Results and Discussion; 2.4.1 Dykes and Hydrothermal Vents
2.4.2 Saucer-Shaped Sills2.4.3 Large Sills and Inclined Sheets; 2.5 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Ambient Noise Tomography (Passive Seismic) to Image the Cape-Karoo Transition Near Jansenville, Eastern Cape; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Ambient Noise Tomography; 3.2.1 Experimental Setup and Data Processing; 3.2.2 Results and Interpretations; 3.3 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Structural Geology
4 New Structural Data and U/Pb Dates from the Gamtoos Complex and Lowermost Cape Supergroup of the Eastern Cape Fold Belt, in Support of a Southward Paleo-Subduction PolarityAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Tectonic Setting; 4.3 New Field Observations Along the Western Coast of Port Elizabeth; 4.3.1 Lithostratigraphy and Structure; 4.4 New U-Pb Zircon Geochronology; 4.4.1 Detrital Zircon Dates; 4.4.2 Igneous Zircon Dates; 4.4.3 Discussion on the Maximum Age of Deformation and Its Role in the Gondwanide Orogen; 4.5 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References
5 An Overview of Cape Fold Belt Geochronology: Implications for Sediment Provenance and the Timing of OrogenesisAbstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Geological Setting; 5.3 Detrital Zircon Geochronology in the CFB; 5.4 Previous 40Ar/39Ar Constraints on the Timing of CFB Deformation; 5.5 New High Precision 40Ar/39Ar Dates for CFB; 5.5.1 Sampling and Methodology; 5.5.2 40Ar/39Ar Results; 5.5.3 Discussion; 5.6 Conclusions; 5.7 Challenges for the Future; Acknowledgments; Magmatism and Metamorphism