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Table of Contents
Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Contributors; Introduction; Fungal Biotechnology in Agriculture and Their Potential Contributions Towards Food Security; 1 Fungi in Composting; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 The Composting Process; 1.2 Fungi in Commercial Composting; 1.2.1 Factors Driving Fungal Diversity and Succession During Composting; 1.3 Vermicomposting; 1.3.1 Fungi in Vermicomposting; Interactions Between Earthworms and Fungi; 1.3.2 Vermicompost Employed as a Suppressive Toward Phytopathogens; 1.4 History and Science of Mushroom Composting; 1.4.1 Composting for Mushroom Cultivation.
1.4.2 Substrates for Composting1.4.2.1 Mushroom Composting: Phase 1-Fermentation; 1.4.2.2 Mushroom Composting: Phase 2-Pasteurization; 1.4.2.3 Mushroom Composting: Phase 3-Spawning, Colonization and Conditioning; 1.4.3 Indoor Composting; 1.4.4 Biology of Mushroom Composting; 1.4.5 Spent Mushroom Compost; 1.5 Role of Thermophilic Microorganisms During Composting; 1.6 Mycoremediation: Fungi, Compost, and Remediation of Pollutants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; 1.7 Conclusions; References.
2 The Genetic Basis of Abiotic Stress Resistance in Extremophilic Fungi: The Genes Cloning and Application2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Responsive Pathways to Abiotic Stress in Extremophilic Fungi; 2.3 Osmoregulation in Extremophilic Fungi; 2.4 Abiotic Stress Resistance Genes in Extremophilic Fungi; 2.5 Genetic Application Strategies; 2.6 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Fungi as an Alternative to Agrochemicals to Control Plant Diseases; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Agrochemicals; 3.3 Effect of Agrochemicals Usage; 3.4 Mechanisms of Fungi-Based Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens.
3.5 Examples of Fungal-Based Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens3.5.1 Against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (Licopersicon Esculentum Mill) by Trichoderma Species; 3.5.2 Against Post-harvest Blue Mould of Oranges (Citrus Sinensis) by Screened Microbial Antagonist; 3.6 Conclusion; References; Providing Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Solutions to Treat Wastewater; 4 Application of Biosorption and Biodegradation Functions of Fungi in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Biosorption Function; 4.2.1 Performance of Wastewater Treatment for Dyes, Heavy Metals and Phenolic Compounds.
4.2.2 Mechanisms4.2.3 Factors Influencing Biosorption Capacities; 4.3 Biodegradation Function; 4.3.1 Biodegradable Application in Sludge Treatment; 4.3.2 Factors Influencing Fungal Biodegradation; 4.4 Mix Fungi and Cooperation; 4.4.1 Cooperation Between Fungi; 4.4.2 Cooperation Between Fungus and Bacterium; 4.5 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 5 Potential of White-Rot Fungi to Treat Xenobiotic-Containing Wastewater; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 White-Rot Fungi; 5.3 Enzymatic System of WRF; 5.3.1 Lignin Peroxidases; 5.3.2 Manganese-Dependent Peroxidases; 5.3.3 Laccases.
1.4.2 Substrates for Composting1.4.2.1 Mushroom Composting: Phase 1-Fermentation; 1.4.2.2 Mushroom Composting: Phase 2-Pasteurization; 1.4.2.3 Mushroom Composting: Phase 3-Spawning, Colonization and Conditioning; 1.4.3 Indoor Composting; 1.4.4 Biology of Mushroom Composting; 1.4.5 Spent Mushroom Compost; 1.5 Role of Thermophilic Microorganisms During Composting; 1.6 Mycoremediation: Fungi, Compost, and Remediation of Pollutants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; 1.7 Conclusions; References.
2 The Genetic Basis of Abiotic Stress Resistance in Extremophilic Fungi: The Genes Cloning and Application2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Responsive Pathways to Abiotic Stress in Extremophilic Fungi; 2.3 Osmoregulation in Extremophilic Fungi; 2.4 Abiotic Stress Resistance Genes in Extremophilic Fungi; 2.5 Genetic Application Strategies; 2.6 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Fungi as an Alternative to Agrochemicals to Control Plant Diseases; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Agrochemicals; 3.3 Effect of Agrochemicals Usage; 3.4 Mechanisms of Fungi-Based Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens.
3.5 Examples of Fungal-Based Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens3.5.1 Against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (Licopersicon Esculentum Mill) by Trichoderma Species; 3.5.2 Against Post-harvest Blue Mould of Oranges (Citrus Sinensis) by Screened Microbial Antagonist; 3.6 Conclusion; References; Providing Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Solutions to Treat Wastewater; 4 Application of Biosorption and Biodegradation Functions of Fungi in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Biosorption Function; 4.2.1 Performance of Wastewater Treatment for Dyes, Heavy Metals and Phenolic Compounds.
4.2.2 Mechanisms4.2.3 Factors Influencing Biosorption Capacities; 4.3 Biodegradation Function; 4.3.1 Biodegradable Application in Sludge Treatment; 4.3.2 Factors Influencing Fungal Biodegradation; 4.4 Mix Fungi and Cooperation; 4.4.1 Cooperation Between Fungi; 4.4.2 Cooperation Between Fungus and Bacterium; 4.5 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 5 Potential of White-Rot Fungi to Treat Xenobiotic-Containing Wastewater; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 White-Rot Fungi; 5.3 Enzymatic System of WRF; 5.3.1 Lignin Peroxidases; 5.3.2 Manganese-Dependent Peroxidases; 5.3.3 Laccases.