PART I. General Considerations I: THYROID CANCER
1 Anatomy and Physiology of the thyroid gland: Clinical Correlates to Thyroid Cancer
2 Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer
3 Molecular Pathogenesis of Thyroid Cancer & Oncogenes in Thyroid Cancer
4 Molecular Aspects of Thyroid Cancer in Children
5 The Role of Genetics in the Development of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer
6 Apoptosis in Thyroid Cancer
7 Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancer
8 Classification of Thyroid Malignancies
9 Staging of Thyroid Cancer
10 Recombinant human Thyrotropin (Thyrogen®)
PART II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS II: NUCLEAR MEDICINE
11 Radioiodine Whole Body Imaging
12 Primer and Atlas for the Interpretation of Radioiodine Whole-Body Scintigraphy
13 False-Positive Radioiodine-131 scans in Thyroid Cancer
14 The Utility of SPECT-CT in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
15 Radioiodine scintigraphy with SPECT/CT: an important diagnostic tool for staging and risk stratification
16 Stunning by 131I scanning: Untoward Effect of 131I Thyroid Imaging Prior to Radioablation Therapy
17 Stunning is Not a Problem
18 Stunning: Does it Exist? A Commentary
19 To Perform or Not to Perform Radioiodine Scans Prior to 131I Remnant Ablation?
PART III. THE THYROID NODULE
20 The Thyroid Nodule: Evaluation, Risk of Malignancy, and Management
21 Fine-Needle Aspiration
22 Diagnostic and Prognostic Molecular Markers in Thyroid Cancer
23 Ultrasonic Imaging of the Thyroid Gland
24 Radionuclide Imaging of Thyroid Nodules
25 18F Fluoro-deoxyglucose PET and Thyroid Nodules
26 Thyroid Nodules and Cancer Risk: Surgical Management
27 Thyroid Nodules in Children and Cancer Risk
28 Management of the Thyroid Nodule: A Comparison Of Published International Guidelines
PART IV. WELL-DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER A: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA: PRESENTATION
29 Papillary Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects
30 Papillary Microcarcinoma
31 Surgical Approach to Papillary Thyroid Cancer
32 Papillary Carcinoma: Cytology and Pathology
B. INITIAL MANAGEMENT
33 Remnant Ablation, Adjuvant Treatment and Treatment of Locoregional Metastases with 131I
34 Thyroid Remnant Radioiodine Ablation with Recombinant Human Thyrotropin
C. SURVEILLANCE
35 Follow-up Strategy in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
36 Thyroid Hormone Therapy and Thyrotropin Suppression
37 Thyroglobulin for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Measurement and Interferences
38 Thyroglobulin Antibodies and Their Measurement
39 Diagnosis of Recurrent Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies
40 Ultrasound of the neck lymph nodes
41 Surveillance Radioiodine Whole Body Scans
42 Radionuclide Imaging and Treatment of Children with Thyroid Cancer
43 Positron Emission Tomography-/Computed Tomography (PET-CT and PET) in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
44 Alternative Thyroid Imaging
45 MR and CT Imaging of Thyroid Cancer
46 Thyroglobulin in Lymph Node Aspirate
47 Management of the Patients with Negative Radioiodine Scan and Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin
48 Prognosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
49 Surgical Management of Lymph Node Metastases
50 Utility of Second Surgery for Lymph Node Metastases
51 Papillary Cancer Special Aspects in Children
52 Special Presentations of Thyroid Cancer in Thyrotoxicosis, Renal Failure, and Struma Ovarii
53 Thyroglossal Duct Carcinoma
54 Thyroid Cancer in Pregnancy
D. TREATMENT
55 Radiation and Radioactivity
56 131I Treatment of Distant Metastases
57 Treatment of Metastatic Thyroid Cancer with Radioiodine following preparation by Recombinant Human Thyrotopin
58 Dosimetrically-Determined Prescribed Activity of 131I for the Treatment of Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
59 Simplified Methods of Dosimetry
60 Radioiodine Dosimetry with Recombinant human Thyrotropin
61 The Use of Lithium as an Adjuvant to Radioiodine In the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer
62 Side Effects of 131I for Therapy of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
63 Radiation Therapy in Papillary Carcinoma
64 Chemotherapy of Thyroid Cancer: General Principles
65 Bone Metastases from Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
66 A Summary of Rare Sites of Metastasis Secondary to Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
67 Adjunctive Local Approaches to Thyroid Nodules and Metastatic Thyroid Cancer
68 Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer: Restoring Response to Radioiodine Therapy
69 Alternative and Complementary Treatment of Thyroid Disorders
PART V. WELL-DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA
70 Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
71 Surgical Management of Follicular Cancer
72 Pathology of Follicular Cancer
73 Hürthle Cell Carcinoma
74 Follow-Up Strategy in Follicular Thyroid Cancer
75 Radionuclide Imaging and 131I Therapy in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
76 PET/CT in Follicular Cancer Including Hürthle Cell Cancer
77 Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Special Aspects in Children and Adolescents
78 External Radiation Therapy of Follicular Carcinoma
79 Determinants of Prognosis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
PART VI. VARIANTS OF THYROID CANCER
80 Aggressive Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma
81 Miscellaneous and Unusual Tumors of the Thyroid Gland
82 Pathology of Miscellaneous and Unusual Tumors of the Thyroid Gland
PART VII. UNDIFFERENTIATED TUMORS: MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA
83 Clinical Aspects of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
84 Cytology and Pathology of Medullary Carcinoma
85 Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Surgical Management
86 Radionuclide Imaging of Medullary Carcinoma
87 PET/CT in Medullary Thyroid Cancer
88 Radiation Therapy in Medullary Cancer
89 Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Chemotherapy
90 A Comparison of the ATA, NCCN, ETA, and BTA Guidelines for the Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
PART VIII. UNDIFFERENTIATED TUMORS: THYROID LYMPHOMA
91 Thyroid Lymphoma
92 Pathology of Lymphoma of the Thyroid
93 PET/CT in Lymphoma and Lymphoma of the Thyroid
PART IX. UNDIFFERENTIATED TUMORS: ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER
94 Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects
95 Surgical Management of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
96 Pathology of Anaplastic Carcinoma
97 PET/CT in Anaplastic Cancer of the Thyroid
98 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
99 Chemotherapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
100 Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognosis
PART X. NEW FRONTIERS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
101 Advances in Radiation Therapy
102 New Approaches in Nuclear Medicine for Thyroid Cancer
103 124I in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
104 Future Directions for Advanced Thyroid Cancer Therapy
105 Potential Approaches to Chemotherapy of Thyroid Cancer in the Future
PART XI. Additional Resources
106 Prophylaxis against Radiation Exposure from Radioiodine
107 Low Iodine Diets
108 Appendix A: Books and Manuals
109 Appendix B: Additional Sources of Information: Support groups, Websites and additional information
110 Appendix C: Forms and Instructions for Patients Treated with Radioactivity.