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Preface; Contents; About the Editors; 1 Selection of Medium and Optimization of Process Parameters for Melanin Biosynthesis from Pseudomonas stutzeri HMGM-7; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Methods; 2.1 Microorganisms and Culture Conditions; 2.2 Growth Studies; 2.3 Optimization of Nutritional Parameters for Melanin Production; 2.4 Effect of Inoculum Age; 2.5 Effect of Inoculum Size; 2.6 Effect of Shaking Frequency; 2.7 Effect of pH; 2.8 Effect of Temperature; 2.9 Effect of Different Growth Media; 2.10 Effect of Carbon Sources; 2.11 Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources; 2.12 Effect of l-Tyrosine
2.13 Extraction and Purification of Melanin2.14 Characterization Studies; 3 Results and Discussions; 3.1 Effect of Inoculum Age; 3.2 Effect of Inoculum Size; 3.3 Effect of Shaking Frequency on Biomass Production; 3.4 Effect of Shaking Frequency on Melanin Production; 3.5 Effect of Growth Media; 3.6 Melanin Yield Before and After Optimization; 3.7 UV-Visible Absorption Spectra and FTIR Analysis; 4 Conclusion; References; 2 Unstructured Kinetic Modeling of Glutathione Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3345; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Methods; 2.1 Microorganism
2.2 Culture Maintenance2.3 Fermentation; 2.4 Biomass Determination; 2.5 Glucose Determination; 2.6 Glutathione (GSH) Determination; 2.7 Fermentation Description Using Unstructured Kinetics Models; 2.7.1 Biomass Growth; 2.7.2 Glutathione Production Kinetics; 2.7.3 Glucose Consumption Kinetics; 3 Results and Discussion; 3.1 Glutathione Production (Product Formation Kinetics); 3.2 Unstructured Kinetic Models; 4 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Statistical Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods2.1 Lactic Acid Production by Fermentation; 2.1.1 Procurement of Microbial Cultures and Cell Culture Preparation; 2.1.2 Molasses, Corn Steep Liquor and Chemicals; 2.1.3 Fermentation Media and Immobilization of Cells; 2.2 Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 2.2.1 Membrane Preparation; 2.2.2 Emulsion Stability and Lactic Acid Extraction with Molasses in External Phase; 2.3 Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth; 2.4 Estimation of Total Sugar, Lactic Acid Concentration and pH; 2.5 Calculation of Emulsion Breakage (%); 2.6 Calculation of Lactic Acid Extraction
2.7 Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth2.7.1 Experimental Design; 2.7.2 Experimental Procedure; 2.7.3 Statistical Analysis and Optimization; 3 Results and Discussion; 3.1 Effect of Loading External Phase with Molasses on Emulsion Stability and Extraction Efficiency; 3.2 Lactic Acid Extraction Efficiency from Fermentation Broth Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 3.3 Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 3.3.1 Regression Model; 3.4 Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth; 4 Conclusion
2.13 Extraction and Purification of Melanin2.14 Characterization Studies; 3 Results and Discussions; 3.1 Effect of Inoculum Age; 3.2 Effect of Inoculum Size; 3.3 Effect of Shaking Frequency on Biomass Production; 3.4 Effect of Shaking Frequency on Melanin Production; 3.5 Effect of Growth Media; 3.6 Melanin Yield Before and After Optimization; 3.7 UV-Visible Absorption Spectra and FTIR Analysis; 4 Conclusion; References; 2 Unstructured Kinetic Modeling of Glutathione Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3345; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Methods; 2.1 Microorganism
2.2 Culture Maintenance2.3 Fermentation; 2.4 Biomass Determination; 2.5 Glucose Determination; 2.6 Glutathione (GSH) Determination; 2.7 Fermentation Description Using Unstructured Kinetics Models; 2.7.1 Biomass Growth; 2.7.2 Glutathione Production Kinetics; 2.7.3 Glucose Consumption Kinetics; 3 Results and Discussion; 3.1 Glutathione Production (Product Formation Kinetics); 3.2 Unstructured Kinetic Models; 4 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Statistical Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods2.1 Lactic Acid Production by Fermentation; 2.1.1 Procurement of Microbial Cultures and Cell Culture Preparation; 2.1.2 Molasses, Corn Steep Liquor and Chemicals; 2.1.3 Fermentation Media and Immobilization of Cells; 2.2 Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 2.2.1 Membrane Preparation; 2.2.2 Emulsion Stability and Lactic Acid Extraction with Molasses in External Phase; 2.3 Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth; 2.4 Estimation of Total Sugar, Lactic Acid Concentration and pH; 2.5 Calculation of Emulsion Breakage (%); 2.6 Calculation of Lactic Acid Extraction
2.7 Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth2.7.1 Experimental Design; 2.7.2 Experimental Procedure; 2.7.3 Statistical Analysis and Optimization; 3 Results and Discussion; 3.1 Effect of Loading External Phase with Molasses on Emulsion Stability and Extraction Efficiency; 3.2 Lactic Acid Extraction Efficiency from Fermentation Broth Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 3.3 Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane; 3.3.1 Regression Model; 3.4 Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction from Fermentation Broth; 4 Conclusion