Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 The Political Economy of Skills and Europeanisation; 1.1.1 Varieties of Capitalism and Skills; Training in CMEs and LMEs; Skill Types; Firms and Training; VoC and Its Critique: Change, the Role of the State, and Typologies; 1.1.2 The Influence of Europe on National Systems; The Political Economy Literature; The Europeanisation Literature; 1.1.3 The Europeanisation of Vocational Education and Training; 1.2 Research Framework and Methodology; 1.3 Structure

Chapter 2: The Copenhagen Process: A Political Economy Perspective2.1 A Brief History of European Vocational Education and Training Policies; 2.2 The Copenhagen Process; 2.3 The Political Economy of the Copenhagen Process; 2.4 Conclusion; Chapter 3: The Impact of the Copenhagen Process on the German Training Regime; 3.1 The German VET System; 3.2 Implementation of the Copenhagen Process in Germany; 3.2.1 Early Discussions on the European Qualifications Framework and the European Credit System for Vocational Education and T...; Reform Proposals and Initiatives

Politics of Reform and Actors ́PositionsBrief Evaluation; 3.2.2 Learning Outcomes; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 3.2.3 The German Qualifications Framework (DQR); Open Questions and Further Implementation; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 3.2.4 The European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 3.2.5 Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 3.2.6 Quality Assurance

Politics of Reform and Actors ́PositionsBrief Evaluation; 3.3 Conclusions; Chapter 4: The Impact of the Copenhagen Process on the Dutch Training Regime; 4.1 The Dutch Vocational Education and Training System; 4.2 Implementation of the Copenhagen Process in the Netherlands; 4.2.1 Learning Outcomes; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 4.2.2 The Dutch National Qualifications Framework (NLQF); Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 4.2.3 The European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions

Brief Evaluation4.2.4 Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 4.2.5 Quality Assurance; Politics of Reform and Actors ́Positions; Brief Evaluation; 4.3 Conclusions; Chapter 5: The Impact of the Copenhagen Process on the English Training Regime; 5.1 The English Vocational Education and Training System; 5.2 Implementation of the Copenhagen Process in the United Kingdom; 5.2.1 Learning Outcomes; Brief Evaluation; 5.2.2 Qualifications and Credit Frameworks; Referencing Process and Implementation of the EQF