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Foreword; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction to Ionic-Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems (ABS); 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Fundamentals; 1.3 Applications; 1.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 2: ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Inorganic Salts; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 ABS Depicted in Ternary Phase Diagrams; 2.3 Nature of the IL Cation Core; 2.4 Nature of the IL Anion; 2.5 Length and Number of IL Alkyl Side Chains; 2.6 The Nature of the IS and Its Salting-Out Strength; 2.7 Other Effects; 2.8 Conclusions; References
Chapter 3: ABS Constituted by Ionic Liquids and Carbohydrates3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Phase Behaviour; 3.2.1 Methodology: Binodal Curves and Tie Lines; 3.2.2 The Physicochemical Mechanism Behind the Formation of ABS; 3.2.2.1 Effect of ILs; 3.2.2.2 Effect of Carbohydrates; 3.2.2.3 Effect of Temperature; 3.2.2.4 Effect of Physicochemical Properties; 3.3 Applications of IL-Carbohydrate-Based ABS; 3.3.1 Removal of Phenol; 3.3.2 Extraction of Biomolecules; 3.3.3 Extraction of Azo Dyes; 3.4 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 4: ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Polymers; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mechanisms of Phase Separation in Polymer-IL ABS4.3 Effect of Different Parameters on the Phase Behaviour of Polymer-IL ABS; 4.3.1 Effect of the Polymer; 4.3.2 Effect of Temperature; 4.3.3 Effect of the Ionic Liquid; 4.3.3.1 Effect of the IL Anion; 4.3.3.2 Effect of the IL Cation; 4.4 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 5: Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Salts; 5.2.1 Influence of the Ionic Liquid; 5.2.2 Influence of the Salt
5.2.3 Influence of the Structural/Physicochemical Properties of Amino Acids5.2.4 Influence of the pH; 5.2.5 Analysis of the Forces Governing the Partitioning of Amino Acids in Ionic Liquid-Based ABS; 5.3 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Carbohydrates; 5.4 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Polymers; 5.5 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids, Salts and Polymers; 5.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Extraction of Proteins with ABS; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Extraction of Proteins/Enzymes Using IL-Based ABS
6.2.1 Stability of Proteins in IL-Rich Phases6.2.2 Partitioning Behavior of Proteins in IL-Based ABS; 6.3 Recovery of Proteins from the IL-Rich Phase; 6.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 7: Extraction of Alcohols, Phenols, and Aromatic Compounds with ABS; 7.1 Introduction; 7.1.1 Ionic Liquids and Applications; 7.1.2 Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Biphasic Systems; 7.2 Extraction of Aromatic Dyes Using IL-Based ABS; 7.3 Extraction of Alcohols, Phenols, and Other Aromatic Compounds Using IL-Based ABS; 7.4 Conclusions; References
Chapter 3: ABS Constituted by Ionic Liquids and Carbohydrates3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Phase Behaviour; 3.2.1 Methodology: Binodal Curves and Tie Lines; 3.2.2 The Physicochemical Mechanism Behind the Formation of ABS; 3.2.2.1 Effect of ILs; 3.2.2.2 Effect of Carbohydrates; 3.2.2.3 Effect of Temperature; 3.2.2.4 Effect of Physicochemical Properties; 3.3 Applications of IL-Carbohydrate-Based ABS; 3.3.1 Removal of Phenol; 3.3.2 Extraction of Biomolecules; 3.3.3 Extraction of Azo Dyes; 3.4 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 4: ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Polymers; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mechanisms of Phase Separation in Polymer-IL ABS4.3 Effect of Different Parameters on the Phase Behaviour of Polymer-IL ABS; 4.3.1 Effect of the Polymer; 4.3.2 Effect of Temperature; 4.3.3 Effect of the Ionic Liquid; 4.3.3.1 Effect of the IL Anion; 4.3.3.2 Effect of the IL Cation; 4.4 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 5: Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Salts; 5.2.1 Influence of the Ionic Liquid; 5.2.2 Influence of the Salt
5.2.3 Influence of the Structural/Physicochemical Properties of Amino Acids5.2.4 Influence of the pH; 5.2.5 Analysis of the Forces Governing the Partitioning of Amino Acids in Ionic Liquid-Based ABS; 5.3 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Carbohydrates; 5.4 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids and Polymers; 5.5 Extraction of Amino Acids with ABS Composed of Ionic Liquids, Salts and Polymers; 5.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Extraction of Proteins with ABS; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Extraction of Proteins/Enzymes Using IL-Based ABS
6.2.1 Stability of Proteins in IL-Rich Phases6.2.2 Partitioning Behavior of Proteins in IL-Based ABS; 6.3 Recovery of Proteins from the IL-Rich Phase; 6.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 7: Extraction of Alcohols, Phenols, and Aromatic Compounds with ABS; 7.1 Introduction; 7.1.1 Ionic Liquids and Applications; 7.1.2 Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Biphasic Systems; 7.2 Extraction of Aromatic Dyes Using IL-Based ABS; 7.3 Extraction of Alcohols, Phenols, and Other Aromatic Compounds Using IL-Based ABS; 7.4 Conclusions; References