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Preface; Contents; Quantum Computing/Quantum Information Processing in View of Electron Magnetic/Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Technique/Spectr...; 1 Introduction; 2 Spin Manipulation Technology for QC/QIP in EPR; 2.1 Pulse-Based Fourier-Transform (FT) EPR/ENDOR Spectroscopy as Enabling Spin Technology; 2.2 Spin Manipulation by Pulsed EPR; 2.3 Two Types of Pulse-Based ENDOR Electron-Spin-Echo Detected ENDOR Spectroscopy; 2.3.1 Generation of a Pseudo Pure State for Electron-Nuclear Spin Qubit Systems by Pulsed ENDOR
2.3.2 Pulse-Based ENDOR Spin Technique Generation and Identification of Quantum Entanglement Between an Electron and One Nucle...2.4 Time-Proportional-Phase-Increment (TPPI) Technique in Pulsed ENDOR; 2.5 Inter-Conversion of Entangled States by Pulsed ENDOR; 2.6 TPPI Detection of the Entanglement Between Electron-Nuclear Hybrid Spin Qubits by Pulsed ENDOR; 3 Designing QC: Two Proposals; 3.1 Using Molecular Magnets; 3.2 Using Endohedral Fullerenes; 4 Concluding Remarks; Appendix 1: Qubits; Appendix 2: Quantum Gates; Appendix 3: DiVincenzoś Five Criteria; Appendix 4: The Bell States
Bell-State MeasurementAppendix 5: Quantum Entanglement; Applications of Quantum Entanglement; References; Exploiting Quantum Effects in Electron-Nuclear Coupled Molecular Spin Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Experimental Requisites; 2.1 DiVincenzoś Criteria; 2.1.1 A Scalable Physical System with Well-Characterized Qubits; 2.1.2 A Universal Set of Quantum Gates; 2.1.3 Ability to Initialize the State of Qubits to a Simple Fiducially State; 2.1.4 A Qubit-Specific Measurement Capability; 2.1.5 Long Relevant Coherence Times; 3 NMR Quantum Information Processing and Quantum Computation
3.1 Scalable and Well-Characterized Physical System of Qubits3.2 Universal Set of Quantum Gates; 3.3 Initialization of the State; 3.3.1 QEC and NMR; 3.3.2 Exchange Polarization in Between an Electron and a Nuclear Spins; 3.4 Readout; 3.5 Decoherence; 4 Electron-Nuclear Coupled Spin Molecular Systems for Implementing Quantum Information Processing; Practical Examples; 4.1 Sample Studies; 4.1.1 Malonyl Radical; 4.1.2 Diphenyl Nitroxide; 4.2 Generating Pseudo-Pure State; 4.3 Polarization Built Up on Nuclear Spins and Generating Nonclassical Correlations; 5 Conclusion; References
Molecular Spins in Biological Systems1 Introduction; 2 Photosynthesis; 2.1 Reaction Centers and Light-Harvesting Complexes; 2.2 Spin-Correlated Radical Pair in an Entangled State; 2.3 TR-EPR of Spin-Correlated Radical Pair; 2.4 Quantum Teleportation Using Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs; 2.5 Wavelike Energy Transfer Through Quantum Coherence in Photosynthetic Systems; 3 Quantum Coherence in Artificial Energy Conversion Systems; 4 Site-Directed Spin-Labeling and Pulsed Dipolar Spectroscopy; 4.1 Labeling of Proteins with Nitroxides; 4.2 Labeling of Proteins with Trityl Radicals
2.3.2 Pulse-Based ENDOR Spin Technique Generation and Identification of Quantum Entanglement Between an Electron and One Nucle...2.4 Time-Proportional-Phase-Increment (TPPI) Technique in Pulsed ENDOR; 2.5 Inter-Conversion of Entangled States by Pulsed ENDOR; 2.6 TPPI Detection of the Entanglement Between Electron-Nuclear Hybrid Spin Qubits by Pulsed ENDOR; 3 Designing QC: Two Proposals; 3.1 Using Molecular Magnets; 3.2 Using Endohedral Fullerenes; 4 Concluding Remarks; Appendix 1: Qubits; Appendix 2: Quantum Gates; Appendix 3: DiVincenzoś Five Criteria; Appendix 4: The Bell States
Bell-State MeasurementAppendix 5: Quantum Entanglement; Applications of Quantum Entanglement; References; Exploiting Quantum Effects in Electron-Nuclear Coupled Molecular Spin Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Experimental Requisites; 2.1 DiVincenzoś Criteria; 2.1.1 A Scalable Physical System with Well-Characterized Qubits; 2.1.2 A Universal Set of Quantum Gates; 2.1.3 Ability to Initialize the State of Qubits to a Simple Fiducially State; 2.1.4 A Qubit-Specific Measurement Capability; 2.1.5 Long Relevant Coherence Times; 3 NMR Quantum Information Processing and Quantum Computation
3.1 Scalable and Well-Characterized Physical System of Qubits3.2 Universal Set of Quantum Gates; 3.3 Initialization of the State; 3.3.1 QEC and NMR; 3.3.2 Exchange Polarization in Between an Electron and a Nuclear Spins; 3.4 Readout; 3.5 Decoherence; 4 Electron-Nuclear Coupled Spin Molecular Systems for Implementing Quantum Information Processing; Practical Examples; 4.1 Sample Studies; 4.1.1 Malonyl Radical; 4.1.2 Diphenyl Nitroxide; 4.2 Generating Pseudo-Pure State; 4.3 Polarization Built Up on Nuclear Spins and Generating Nonclassical Correlations; 5 Conclusion; References
Molecular Spins in Biological Systems1 Introduction; 2 Photosynthesis; 2.1 Reaction Centers and Light-Harvesting Complexes; 2.2 Spin-Correlated Radical Pair in an Entangled State; 2.3 TR-EPR of Spin-Correlated Radical Pair; 2.4 Quantum Teleportation Using Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs; 2.5 Wavelike Energy Transfer Through Quantum Coherence in Photosynthetic Systems; 3 Quantum Coherence in Artificial Energy Conversion Systems; 4 Site-Directed Spin-Labeling and Pulsed Dipolar Spectroscopy; 4.1 Labeling of Proteins with Nitroxides; 4.2 Labeling of Proteins with Trityl Radicals