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Contributors; 1 Glial Cells and Integrity of the Nervous System; Abstract; The Concept of Neuron-Glia Crosstalk; Astrocytes; Astrocytes and the Tripartite Synapsis; Metabolic Support by Astrocytes; Astrocytes in Synaptogenesis and Synaptic Maintenance; Signaling in Astrocyte Networks and Gliotransmission; Astrocytes in Neuropathology; Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells; Myelination and Saltatory Nerve Conduction; Myelination Impairment and Disease; NG2-Glia; Microglia; Activation of Microglia; NO Production and Oxidative Stress; Antigen Presentation; Damage Versus Protection.
RecapitulationAcknowledgments; References; Glial Cell Function in the Healthy Nervous System; 2 NG2-glia, More Than Progenitor Cells; Abstract; NG2-glia in the Central Nervous System; NG2-glia Heterogeneity; Synapses Between NG2-glia and Neurons; Myelin Plasticity; NG2-glia Behavior and Dynamics Modulated by Neuronal Activity; NG2-glia reaction towards Central Nervous System Pathology; Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Pharmacological Tools to Study the Role of Astrocytes in Neural Network Functions; Abstract; Introduction; Astrocytes and the Pharmacological Tools to Study Them.
AcknowledgmentsReferences; 4 Microglia Function in the Normal Brain; Abstract; Introduction; Microglia Motility and Migration; Microglia-Mediated Phagocytosis; Participation of Microglia in Development; Participation of Microglia in Adult Life; Participation of Microglia in Pathophysiological Conditions; Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 5 Physiological Functions of Glial Cell Hemichannels; Abstract; Introduction; Hemichannel Function in the Physiology of the CNS; Brain Ischemic Tolerance; Brain Chemoreception; Brain Glucose Sensing; Cognition and Behavior; Concluding Remarks.
AcknowledgmentsReferences; 6 Role of Astrocytes in Central Respiratory Chemoreception; Abstract; The Respiratory Network; Central Chemoreception; Localization of Central Chemoreceptors; Roles of the RTN and Raphe RN Neurons in Central Chemoreception; RTN Neurons; Raphe Nucleus Neurons; Relative Contribution of Chemosensitive Sites to the Overall Response; Central Chemoreception Dependency on Functional State of the Respiratory Network; Astrocytes; Astrocytes in the PreBötzinger Complex (preBötC); Astrocytes in Central Chemoreception; Astrocyte Chemosensitivity.
Astrocyte Involvement in Respiratory Rhythm ModulationRegional Differences in Contribution of Astrocytes to Central Chemoreception; Other Gliotransmitters; Astrocytes and Cholinergic-Glutamatergic Hypothesis of Central Chemoreception; Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 7 Purine Signaling and Microglial Wrapping; Abstract; "Resting" Microglia in the Healthy CNS and Their Interaction with the Microenvironment; Signaling Mechanisms Involved in Activation of Microglia; Migration of Microglia Is Guided by Purinergic Signaling; Microglial Wrapping and Synaptic Stripping.
RecapitulationAcknowledgments; References; Glial Cell Function in the Healthy Nervous System; 2 NG2-glia, More Than Progenitor Cells; Abstract; NG2-glia in the Central Nervous System; NG2-glia Heterogeneity; Synapses Between NG2-glia and Neurons; Myelin Plasticity; NG2-glia Behavior and Dynamics Modulated by Neuronal Activity; NG2-glia reaction towards Central Nervous System Pathology; Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Pharmacological Tools to Study the Role of Astrocytes in Neural Network Functions; Abstract; Introduction; Astrocytes and the Pharmacological Tools to Study Them.
AcknowledgmentsReferences; 4 Microglia Function in the Normal Brain; Abstract; Introduction; Microglia Motility and Migration; Microglia-Mediated Phagocytosis; Participation of Microglia in Development; Participation of Microglia in Adult Life; Participation of Microglia in Pathophysiological Conditions; Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 5 Physiological Functions of Glial Cell Hemichannels; Abstract; Introduction; Hemichannel Function in the Physiology of the CNS; Brain Ischemic Tolerance; Brain Chemoreception; Brain Glucose Sensing; Cognition and Behavior; Concluding Remarks.
AcknowledgmentsReferences; 6 Role of Astrocytes in Central Respiratory Chemoreception; Abstract; The Respiratory Network; Central Chemoreception; Localization of Central Chemoreceptors; Roles of the RTN and Raphe RN Neurons in Central Chemoreception; RTN Neurons; Raphe Nucleus Neurons; Relative Contribution of Chemosensitive Sites to the Overall Response; Central Chemoreception Dependency on Functional State of the Respiratory Network; Astrocytes; Astrocytes in the PreBötzinger Complex (preBötC); Astrocytes in Central Chemoreception; Astrocyte Chemosensitivity.
Astrocyte Involvement in Respiratory Rhythm ModulationRegional Differences in Contribution of Astrocytes to Central Chemoreception; Other Gliotransmitters; Astrocytes and Cholinergic-Glutamatergic Hypothesis of Central Chemoreception; Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 7 Purine Signaling and Microglial Wrapping; Abstract; "Resting" Microglia in the Healthy CNS and Their Interaction with the Microenvironment; Signaling Mechanisms Involved in Activation of Microglia; Migration of Microglia Is Guided by Purinergic Signaling; Microglial Wrapping and Synaptic Stripping.