Part I Introduction; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Overview; 1.1.1 Purpose and Organisation of the Book; 1.1.2 Concise Overview; 1.1.3 Nonmonotonic Logics; 1.1.4 Basic Definitions
Chapter 22; 1.1.5 Inheritance Systems
Chapter 33; 1.1.6 Reiter Defaults
Chapter 44; 1.1.7 Preferential Structures
Chapter 55; 1.1.8 Algebraic and Structural Semantics; 1.1.9 Deontic Logic
Chapter 66; 1.1.10 Theory Revision, Update and Counterfactuals: Chapter 77; 1.1.11 Neurology
Chapter 88; 1.1.12 Interpolation
Chapter 99; 1.1.13 Independence
Chapter 1010; 1.1.14 Formal Construction
Chapter 1111

1.1.15 Kal Vachomer
Chapter 12121.1.16 Equational CTD
Chapter 1313; 1.2 Introduction to the Main Concepts; 1.2.1 Overview of This Section; 1.2.2 Logic and Neuroscience; 1.2.3 Concepts and Properties; 1.2.4 Language and Language Change; 1.2.5 Modularity and Independence; 1.2.6 Main Concepts and Connections; 1.2.7 Abstract Constructions; 1.3 Previously Published Material; Part II Background Material; 2 Basic Algebraic and Logical Definitions; 2.1 Overview of This Chapter; 2.2 The Definitions; 3 Defeasible Inheritance; 3.1 Summary; 3.2 Conceptual Analysis; 3.3 Basic Discussion

3.3.1 (Defeasible or Nonmonotonic) Inheritance Networks or Diagrams3.3.2 Preclusion; 3.4 Directly Sceptical Split Validity Upward Chaining Off-Path Inheritance; 3.4.1 The Definition of models (i.e. of Validity of Paths); 3.5 Review of Other Approaches and Problems; 3.5.1 Extension-Based Versus Directly Sceptical Definitions; 3.5.2 On-Path Versus Off-Path Preclusion; 3.5.3 Split Validity Versus Total Validity Preclusion; 3.6 Discussion of Their Properties in Our Context; 4 Reiter Defaults and Autoepistemic Logic; 4.1 Reiter Defaults; 4.2 Autoepistemic Logic

4.3 Discussion of the Properties in Our Context5 Preferential Structures and Related Concepts; 5.1 Summary; 5.2 Preferential Structures; 5.2.1 The Minimal Variant; 5.2.2 The Limit Variant; 5.3 Laws About Size; 5.3.1 Defaults as Generalised Quantifiers; 5.3.2 Additive Laws About Size; 5.3.3 Multiplicative Laws About Size; 5.3.4 Hamming Relations and Distances; 5.3.5 Summary of Properties; 5.4 A Short Discussion of Their Abstract Properties in Our Context; 6 Deontic Logic, Contrary-to-Duty Obligations; 6.1 Summary; 6.2 Deontic Logic; 6.3 Contrary-to-Duty Obligations

6.4 calA-Ranked Structures6.4.1 Representation Results for calA-Ranked Structures; 6.5 Application of calA-Ranked Structures to Contrary-to-Duty Conditionals; 6.5.1 Outline of the Solution; 6.5.2 Formal Modelling and Summary of Results; 6.5.3 Overview; 6.5.4 Formal Results and Representation for Hierarchical Conditionals; 7 Theory Revision, Theory Contraction and Conditionals; 7.1 Summary; 7.2 Theory Revision; 7.3 Theory Contraction; 7.3.1 Introduction; 7.3.2 Some of the AGM Axioms for Theory Contraction; 7.3.3 The General Picture of Safe Contraction; 7.3.4 A Modification