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Table of Contents
Disclaimer; Preface; Contents; 1 Why Should I Read This Book?; 2 What Are Radioactivity and Radiation?; 2.1 Radioactivity; 2.2 Activity and Half-Life; 2.3 Radiation Doses; 2.3.1 Weighting Factors; 2.3.2 Avoiding Doses; 3 What Does Radiation Do?; 3.1 Interactions of Charged Particles; 3.2 Interactions of Neutrons; 3.3 Interactions of Photons; 4 How Can We Make Radiation?; 4.1 Charged Particle Sources; 4.2 Photon Sources; 4.3 Neutron Sources; 4.4 Cosmic-Ray Sources; 4.5 Medical Applications; 4.6 Radioisotope Batteries; 5 What Are X Rays?; 5.1 Medical X Rays; 5.2 X-Ray Crystallography.
5.3 Inspection and Quality Control Systems5.4 X Rays in Art; 5.5 Sources of Unwanted X Rays; 6 Is Radioactivity Everywhere?; 6.1 Cosmic Rays; 6.2 Terrestrial Radiation; 6.3 Incorporation of Radioisotopes; 6.4 Radiation Exposures from Technical Installations; 6.5 Specific Environmental Exposures; 6.5.1 Exposures from Air Travel; 6.5.2 Exposures from Smoking; 6.5.3 Exposures from Water; 6.5.4 Questionable Applications in Medicine; 7 What Does Radiation Do to Us?; 7.1 Radiosensitivity; 7.2 Decorporation; 7.3 Non-Human Organisms; 7.4 Radiation-Absorbing Fungi; 7.5 Radiation Risk Factors.
7.6 Low Radiation Doses7.7 Eradication of Insect Pests; 7.8 Metabolism of Plutonium; 8 How Can We Use Radioactivity Productively?; 8.1 Nuclear Fission Reactors; 8.2 Fusion Reactors; 8.2.1 Inertial Fusion; 8.2.2 Fusion by Magnetic Confinement; 8.3 The First Nuclear Reactor; 8.4 Natural Nuclear Reactors; 9 How Can We Use Radioactivity Destructively?; 10 What Happens When It Goes Wrong?; 10.1 Smaller-Scale Radiation Incidents; 11 What About Non-Ionising Radiation?; 11.1 Microwaves; 11.2 Ultraviolet Light; 11.3 Lasers; 12 How Can We Stay Safe?; 12.1 Waste Storage; 12.2 Waste Transmutation.
12.3 Packaging and Transport12.4 Storage and Security of Radioactive Substances; 12.5 Handling of Unsealed Radioactive Sources; 12.6 Mitigating the Consequences of Accidents; 12.7 Arrangements for Fire Fighting; 12.8 Protection of Air, Water, and Soil; 13 What Have We Learned?; Appendix A How Can We Detect Radiation?; A.1 Ionisation Chambers; A.2 Proportional Counters; A.3 Geiger-Müller Counters; A.4 Solid-State Detectors; A.5 Scintillators; A.6 Neutron Counters; A.7 Personal Dosimeters; A.8 Accident Dosimetry; A.9 Overview of Radiation Detector Types.
Appendix B How is Radiation Protection Organised?B.1 National Regulations; B.2 Radiation Protection Inside Organisations; B.2.1 Licensing; B.2.2 Bookkeeping ; B.2.3 Instruction and Training; B.2.4 Medical Supervision; B.2.5 Handling of Incidents; B.2.6 Disposing of Radioactive Waste; Appendix C Periodic Table of Elements; Appendix D Further Reading; Glossary; Inde\x.
5.3 Inspection and Quality Control Systems5.4 X Rays in Art; 5.5 Sources of Unwanted X Rays; 6 Is Radioactivity Everywhere?; 6.1 Cosmic Rays; 6.2 Terrestrial Radiation; 6.3 Incorporation of Radioisotopes; 6.4 Radiation Exposures from Technical Installations; 6.5 Specific Environmental Exposures; 6.5.1 Exposures from Air Travel; 6.5.2 Exposures from Smoking; 6.5.3 Exposures from Water; 6.5.4 Questionable Applications in Medicine; 7 What Does Radiation Do to Us?; 7.1 Radiosensitivity; 7.2 Decorporation; 7.3 Non-Human Organisms; 7.4 Radiation-Absorbing Fungi; 7.5 Radiation Risk Factors.
7.6 Low Radiation Doses7.7 Eradication of Insect Pests; 7.8 Metabolism of Plutonium; 8 How Can We Use Radioactivity Productively?; 8.1 Nuclear Fission Reactors; 8.2 Fusion Reactors; 8.2.1 Inertial Fusion; 8.2.2 Fusion by Magnetic Confinement; 8.3 The First Nuclear Reactor; 8.4 Natural Nuclear Reactors; 9 How Can We Use Radioactivity Destructively?; 10 What Happens When It Goes Wrong?; 10.1 Smaller-Scale Radiation Incidents; 11 What About Non-Ionising Radiation?; 11.1 Microwaves; 11.2 Ultraviolet Light; 11.3 Lasers; 12 How Can We Stay Safe?; 12.1 Waste Storage; 12.2 Waste Transmutation.
12.3 Packaging and Transport12.4 Storage and Security of Radioactive Substances; 12.5 Handling of Unsealed Radioactive Sources; 12.6 Mitigating the Consequences of Accidents; 12.7 Arrangements for Fire Fighting; 12.8 Protection of Air, Water, and Soil; 13 What Have We Learned?; Appendix A How Can We Detect Radiation?; A.1 Ionisation Chambers; A.2 Proportional Counters; A.3 Geiger-Müller Counters; A.4 Solid-State Detectors; A.5 Scintillators; A.6 Neutron Counters; A.7 Personal Dosimeters; A.8 Accident Dosimetry; A.9 Overview of Radiation Detector Types.
Appendix B How is Radiation Protection Organised?B.1 National Regulations; B.2 Radiation Protection Inside Organisations; B.2.1 Licensing; B.2.2 Bookkeeping ; B.2.3 Instruction and Training; B.2.4 Medical Supervision; B.2.5 Handling of Incidents; B.2.6 Disposing of Radioactive Waste; Appendix C Periodic Table of Elements; Appendix D Further Reading; Glossary; Inde\x.