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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; Part I: Introduction; Chapter 1: Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere, and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin: An Introduction; 1.1 The Amazon Basin; 1.2 The LBA Projects 1998-2007; 1.3 This Book; References; Part II: Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions; Chapter 2: Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Amazonian Forest Ecosystems; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 BVOC Biosynthesis in Plants; 2.3 Volatile Metabolomics; 2.4 BVOCs as Biomarkers of Lipid Peroxidation Under Oxidative Stress; 2.5 BVOC Bidirectional Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange; 2.6 Conclusions; References
Chapter 3: The Hydrology and Energy Balance of the Amazon Basin3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Current Conditions; 3.2.1 Mean Conditions and Spatial Variability; 3.2.2 Temporal Variability; 3.3 Anthropogenic Influences; 3.3.1 Land Cover and Land Use Change; 3.3.1.1 Vegetation Controls on Water/Energy Balance; 3.3.1.2 Land Use Impacts on the Water/Energy Balance; 3.3.2 Global Climate Change; 3.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Extreme Seasonal Climate Variations in the Amazon Basin: Droughts and Floods; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 History of Hydro-meteorological Extremes in the Region: Inter-annual Variability of Rainfall/Rivers in the Basin4.3 Long-Term Variability and Trends of Hydro-meteorological Extremes; 4.4 Projected Climate Change in Amazonia; 4.5 Regional Extremes and Impacts on Future Climate Change Scenarios; 4.6 Conclusions; References; Part III: Carbon Balance; Chapter 5: The Amazon Carbon Balance: An Evaluation of Methods and Results; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Evaluation of Methods; 5.2.1 Bottom-Up Estimates; 5.2.1.1 Biomass Plots; 5.2.1.2 Eddy Covariance Sites; 5.2.2 Top-Down Estimates
5.2.2.1 Measurements from Air-Borne Platforms5.2.2.2 Measurements from the Global Atmospheric Network; 5.2.3 The Role of Satellite Remote Sensing; 5.3 Evaluation of Results, with Emphasis on Uncertainties Arising from Methods; 5.3.1 What Is the Carbon Balance of the Amazon Basin?; 5.3.1.1 FDeforestation and FDegradation the Deforestation and Degradation Fluxes; 5.3.1.2 Fold-growth and FSecondary Fluxes Over Forests; 5.3.1.3 FPlantation; 5.3.1.4 FHarvest; 5.3.1.5 FPeat; 5.3.1.6 FAgriculture; 5.3.1.7 FClimatechange; 5.3.1.8 FFossilfuel
5.3.2 Total Estimate of Carbon Balance, Bottom-Up Evaluation5.3.3 Total Estimate of Carbon Balance, Top-Down Evaluation; 5.4 Answers to the Science Questions; 5.4.1 What Is the Carbon Balance of the Amazon, and How Does It Change from Year to Year According to Climatological Variation...; 5.4.2 What Is the Seasonality in the Carbon Flux Between the Land and Atmosphere?; 5.4.3 How Do the Changes in Land Use Affect the Fluxes?; References; Chapter 6: Climate and the Amazonian Carbon Balance; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Climate Background; 6.3 Flux Components of the Amazon Carbon Balance
Chapter 3: The Hydrology and Energy Balance of the Amazon Basin3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Current Conditions; 3.2.1 Mean Conditions and Spatial Variability; 3.2.2 Temporal Variability; 3.3 Anthropogenic Influences; 3.3.1 Land Cover and Land Use Change; 3.3.1.1 Vegetation Controls on Water/Energy Balance; 3.3.1.2 Land Use Impacts on the Water/Energy Balance; 3.3.2 Global Climate Change; 3.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Extreme Seasonal Climate Variations in the Amazon Basin: Droughts and Floods; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 History of Hydro-meteorological Extremes in the Region: Inter-annual Variability of Rainfall/Rivers in the Basin4.3 Long-Term Variability and Trends of Hydro-meteorological Extremes; 4.4 Projected Climate Change in Amazonia; 4.5 Regional Extremes and Impacts on Future Climate Change Scenarios; 4.6 Conclusions; References; Part III: Carbon Balance; Chapter 5: The Amazon Carbon Balance: An Evaluation of Methods and Results; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Evaluation of Methods; 5.2.1 Bottom-Up Estimates; 5.2.1.1 Biomass Plots; 5.2.1.2 Eddy Covariance Sites; 5.2.2 Top-Down Estimates
5.2.2.1 Measurements from Air-Borne Platforms5.2.2.2 Measurements from the Global Atmospheric Network; 5.2.3 The Role of Satellite Remote Sensing; 5.3 Evaluation of Results, with Emphasis on Uncertainties Arising from Methods; 5.3.1 What Is the Carbon Balance of the Amazon Basin?; 5.3.1.1 FDeforestation and FDegradation the Deforestation and Degradation Fluxes; 5.3.1.2 Fold-growth and FSecondary Fluxes Over Forests; 5.3.1.3 FPlantation; 5.3.1.4 FHarvest; 5.3.1.5 FPeat; 5.3.1.6 FAgriculture; 5.3.1.7 FClimatechange; 5.3.1.8 FFossilfuel
5.3.2 Total Estimate of Carbon Balance, Bottom-Up Evaluation5.3.3 Total Estimate of Carbon Balance, Top-Down Evaluation; 5.4 Answers to the Science Questions; 5.4.1 What Is the Carbon Balance of the Amazon, and How Does It Change from Year to Year According to Climatological Variation...; 5.4.2 What Is the Seasonality in the Carbon Flux Between the Land and Atmosphere?; 5.4.3 How Do the Changes in Land Use Affect the Fluxes?; References; Chapter 6: Climate and the Amazonian Carbon Balance; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Climate Background; 6.3 Flux Components of the Amazon Carbon Balance