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Foreword; Acknowledgements; Contents; About the Author; List of Abbreviations; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Maps; List of Illustrations; Introduction; 1 Wildlife Trade Through the Ages; 1.1 Ancient Egypt; 1.2 Roman and Greek Antiquity; 1.3 The Medieval Period; 1.4 Early Modernity; 1.5 The Modern Era; 1.6 Lessons from the Past; References; 2 The Sixth Mass Extinction; 2.1 Global Defaunation and Ecological Interaction; 2.2 Creation and Management of Risks; 2.3 The Boomerang Effect; 2.4 Nature is Society and Society is Nature; References; 3 Imperialism and Criminalization.
3.1 European Interference in Nature Protection3.2 The International Convention; 3.3 EU Wildlife Trade Regulations; 3.4 The Effect of Regulation; 3.5 The Further Process of Criminalization; References; 4 Crimes Against Nature; 4.1 Criminology and Green Crimes; 4.2 Animals in Criminology; 4.3 Through Time and Space; 4.4 Illegal Flows and International Inequalities; 4.5 The Organization Behind Crimes; 4.6 The Greening of Criminology; References; 5 Enter the Field of Wildlife; 5.1 Analyzing Seizures; 5.2 Chasing the Wildlife; 5.3 Approaching and Understanding Informants.
5.4 Access and Building Trust5.5 Talking About Illegal Business; 5.6 Dangerous Situations and Ethical Dilemmas; 5.7 Literature, Police Reports and News Articles; 5.8 Triangulation, Validity and Reliability; 5.9 Limitations and Difficulties; References; 6 The Numbers of the Trade; 6.1 A Multi-billion Dollar Industry; 6.2 Animal Species; 6.2.1 Mammals; 6.2.2 Birds; 6.2.3 Reptiles; 6.2.4 Fish ; 6.2.5 Coral; 6.2.6 Molluscs; 6.3 Source Countries; 6.4 Destination Countries; 6.5 Smuggling and Laundering; 6.6 The Actors Involved; 6.7 Selection of the Case Studies; References; 7 Black Caviar.
7.1 History of the Valuation of Caviar7.2 The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Emerged Regulations; 7.3 The Disappearance of a Prehistoric Fish; 7.4 From Fishery to Aquaculture; 7.5 Contraband to Major Outlet Europe; 7.6 Brakonieri in the Caspian Delta; 7.7 Intermediation and Negotiation; 7.8 Hide the Eggs; 7.9 Trading, Counterfeiting and Laundering; 7.10 Away from the Caspian; 7.11 The Caviar Mafia; 7.12 Conflicts and the Caspian Ecosystem; 7.13 Summary; References; 8 Monkey Business; 8.1 History of Keeping Monkeys; 8.2 Protection Measures and Criminalization; 8.3 The Final Countdown?
8.4 Macaques as Laboratory Animals8.5 Full Shelters and Illegal Trade; 8.6 Poaching Young Macaques; 8.7 The Legal-Illegal Interface; 8.8 Crossing the Ocean; 8.9 Business and the Informal Economy; 8.10 The Monkey Route; 8.11 Colliding Criminal Networks in Morocco; 8.12 Environmental Harms and Zoonotic Diseases; 8.13 Summary; References; 9 Crime to Cure; 9.1 History and Cultural Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 9.2 The Implementation of CITES in Chinese National Law; 9.3 Consuming Rare Animals into Extinction; 9.4 The Globalization of the Trade; 9.5 The European Connection.
3.1 European Interference in Nature Protection3.2 The International Convention; 3.3 EU Wildlife Trade Regulations; 3.4 The Effect of Regulation; 3.5 The Further Process of Criminalization; References; 4 Crimes Against Nature; 4.1 Criminology and Green Crimes; 4.2 Animals in Criminology; 4.3 Through Time and Space; 4.4 Illegal Flows and International Inequalities; 4.5 The Organization Behind Crimes; 4.6 The Greening of Criminology; References; 5 Enter the Field of Wildlife; 5.1 Analyzing Seizures; 5.2 Chasing the Wildlife; 5.3 Approaching and Understanding Informants.
5.4 Access and Building Trust5.5 Talking About Illegal Business; 5.6 Dangerous Situations and Ethical Dilemmas; 5.7 Literature, Police Reports and News Articles; 5.8 Triangulation, Validity and Reliability; 5.9 Limitations and Difficulties; References; 6 The Numbers of the Trade; 6.1 A Multi-billion Dollar Industry; 6.2 Animal Species; 6.2.1 Mammals; 6.2.2 Birds; 6.2.3 Reptiles; 6.2.4 Fish ; 6.2.5 Coral; 6.2.6 Molluscs; 6.3 Source Countries; 6.4 Destination Countries; 6.5 Smuggling and Laundering; 6.6 The Actors Involved; 6.7 Selection of the Case Studies; References; 7 Black Caviar.
7.1 History of the Valuation of Caviar7.2 The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Emerged Regulations; 7.3 The Disappearance of a Prehistoric Fish; 7.4 From Fishery to Aquaculture; 7.5 Contraband to Major Outlet Europe; 7.6 Brakonieri in the Caspian Delta; 7.7 Intermediation and Negotiation; 7.8 Hide the Eggs; 7.9 Trading, Counterfeiting and Laundering; 7.10 Away from the Caspian; 7.11 The Caviar Mafia; 7.12 Conflicts and the Caspian Ecosystem; 7.13 Summary; References; 8 Monkey Business; 8.1 History of Keeping Monkeys; 8.2 Protection Measures and Criminalization; 8.3 The Final Countdown?
8.4 Macaques as Laboratory Animals8.5 Full Shelters and Illegal Trade; 8.6 Poaching Young Macaques; 8.7 The Legal-Illegal Interface; 8.8 Crossing the Ocean; 8.9 Business and the Informal Economy; 8.10 The Monkey Route; 8.11 Colliding Criminal Networks in Morocco; 8.12 Environmental Harms and Zoonotic Diseases; 8.13 Summary; References; 9 Crime to Cure; 9.1 History and Cultural Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 9.2 The Implementation of CITES in Chinese National Law; 9.3 Consuming Rare Animals into Extinction; 9.4 The Globalization of the Trade; 9.5 The European Connection.