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Preface; Contents; Introduction to Belowground Defence Strategies in Plants; Part I: General Principles of Belowground Defence Strategies; Belowground Defence Strategies in Plants: Parallels Between Root Responses to Beneficial and Detrimental Microbes; 1 Introduction; 2 The Study of Root-Microbe Interactions; 2.1 Plant Systems; 2.2 Microbial Systems; 2.2.1 Foliar Fungal Pathogens; 2.2.2 Oomycete Pathogens; 3 Can I Stay or Must I Go? Parallels in Root Responses to Beneficial and Detrimental Microbes at the Tissue Level; 3.1 Nutrition Status; 3.2 Root System Morphology and Root Branching.
3.3 Secondary Metabolite Responses3.4 Systemic Responses to Microbial Colonisation; 3.5 Host-Dependent Responses; 4 Parallels in Molecular and Cellular Responses to Beneficial and Detrimental Microbes; 4.1 Pre-infection; 4.1.1 Transcriptional Responses Preceding Microbial Contact; 4.1.2 Responses to the Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern Chitin; 4.1.3 Oomycete Elicitins; 4.1.4 Responses to Short (Lipo)chitooligosaccharides; 4.1.5 Responses to Diffusible Molecules from Other Filamentous Microbes; 4.1.6 Microbial Effector-Mediated Suppression of MAMP Recognition.
4.2 Microbial Penetration Structures4.2.1 Nuclear Repositioning; 4.2.2 Cytoplasmic Aggregations; 4.3 Microbial Accommodation Structures; 4.3.1 Arbuscules and Haustoria; 4.3.2 Formation of Specialised Membranes Around Microbial Structures; 4.3.3 Cytoplasmic Microbial Effectors; 5 Outlook and Conclusions; References; Root Exudates as Integral Part of Belowground Plant Defence; 1 Introduction; 2 Root Exudation as a Direct Defence Strategy Against Detrimental Soilborne Organisms; 2.1 Bacteria; 2.2 Fungi and Oomycetes; 2.3 Nematodes; 2.4 Insects.
3 Root Exudates Are a Tool to Establish Indirect Plant Defence3.1 Recruitment of ``Natural Soldiers ́́by Root Exudates; 3.2 Root Exudates Can Stimulate the Antimicrobial Potency of Phytobeneficial Microbes; 4 Root Exudation: A Tightly Regulated and Highly Efficient Process; 4.1 Constitutive Versus Induced Exudation of Phytochemicals; 4.2 Stimuli That Control Defence Root Exudation; 4.3 The Role of Transport Proteins in Root Exudation; 4.4 One Phytochemical- Additive Defence Functions; 5 Summary; References; Part II: Belowground Defence Strategies to Root Pathogens.
Belowground Defence Strategies Against Fusarium oxysporum1 Introduction; 2 Disease Symptoms and Pathogen Movement; 3 Pathogen Infection Strategies; 3.1 Pathogen Versus Non-pathogen; 3.2 Origins of Pathogenicity; 3.2.1 Evolution of Pathogenicity; 3.2.2 Genomic Organisation of Pathogenicity Components; 3.3 Pathogenicity Machinery; 3.3.1 General Pathogenicity Machinery; 3.3.2 F. oxysporum Signal Transduction Machinery Involved in Pathogen Virulence; 3.3.3 Effectors; 4 Host Resistance; 4.1 Transcriptome Studies; 4.2 Genetics of Host Resistance in Arabidopsis.
3.3 Secondary Metabolite Responses3.4 Systemic Responses to Microbial Colonisation; 3.5 Host-Dependent Responses; 4 Parallels in Molecular and Cellular Responses to Beneficial and Detrimental Microbes; 4.1 Pre-infection; 4.1.1 Transcriptional Responses Preceding Microbial Contact; 4.1.2 Responses to the Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern Chitin; 4.1.3 Oomycete Elicitins; 4.1.4 Responses to Short (Lipo)chitooligosaccharides; 4.1.5 Responses to Diffusible Molecules from Other Filamentous Microbes; 4.1.6 Microbial Effector-Mediated Suppression of MAMP Recognition.
4.2 Microbial Penetration Structures4.2.1 Nuclear Repositioning; 4.2.2 Cytoplasmic Aggregations; 4.3 Microbial Accommodation Structures; 4.3.1 Arbuscules and Haustoria; 4.3.2 Formation of Specialised Membranes Around Microbial Structures; 4.3.3 Cytoplasmic Microbial Effectors; 5 Outlook and Conclusions; References; Root Exudates as Integral Part of Belowground Plant Defence; 1 Introduction; 2 Root Exudation as a Direct Defence Strategy Against Detrimental Soilborne Organisms; 2.1 Bacteria; 2.2 Fungi and Oomycetes; 2.3 Nematodes; 2.4 Insects.
3 Root Exudates Are a Tool to Establish Indirect Plant Defence3.1 Recruitment of ``Natural Soldiers ́́by Root Exudates; 3.2 Root Exudates Can Stimulate the Antimicrobial Potency of Phytobeneficial Microbes; 4 Root Exudation: A Tightly Regulated and Highly Efficient Process; 4.1 Constitutive Versus Induced Exudation of Phytochemicals; 4.2 Stimuli That Control Defence Root Exudation; 4.3 The Role of Transport Proteins in Root Exudation; 4.4 One Phytochemical- Additive Defence Functions; 5 Summary; References; Part II: Belowground Defence Strategies to Root Pathogens.
Belowground Defence Strategies Against Fusarium oxysporum1 Introduction; 2 Disease Symptoms and Pathogen Movement; 3 Pathogen Infection Strategies; 3.1 Pathogen Versus Non-pathogen; 3.2 Origins of Pathogenicity; 3.2.1 Evolution of Pathogenicity; 3.2.2 Genomic Organisation of Pathogenicity Components; 3.3 Pathogenicity Machinery; 3.3.1 General Pathogenicity Machinery; 3.3.2 F. oxysporum Signal Transduction Machinery Involved in Pathogen Virulence; 3.3.3 Effectors; 4 Host Resistance; 4.1 Transcriptome Studies; 4.2 Genetics of Host Resistance in Arabidopsis.